PET 4551 Exercise Testing and Prescription Study Guide Exam 2 2 What are some of the benefits of regular physical activity o Regularly exercising has a strong relationship with overall health and is characterized by an ability to perform daily activities easily and lower the risk of chronic diseases o Lowers risk of developing CVD Hypertension Stroke Osteoporosis Type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome Obesity Breast colon cancer Lowers depression 3 o When should you stop a stress test Stop exercise if Drop in SBP of 10mmHg w an increase in work rate or is SBP decreases below Onset of angina or angina like symptoms value obtained in same position prior to testing Excessive rise in BP systolic 250mmHg and or diastolic 115mmHg Shortness of breath wheezing leg cramps claudication Signs of poor perfusion light headedness confusion ataxia pallor cyanosis nausea or cold clammy skin Failure of HR to increase w increased exercise intensity Noticeable change in heart rhythm Subject requests to stop Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue Test equipment failure 4 What are some field tests that we use to measure cardiorespiratory fitness o Field test test that can occur in various non laboratory settings that can be administered to a group of people simultaneously Two most common walk run tests for assessing CRF are Cooper 12 min test and 1 5 mile test for time Three types of field tests step tests fixed distance tests and fixed time tests Step test inexpensive modality for predicting CRF by measuring the HR response to stepping at a fixed rate and or a fixed step height or by measuring post exercise recovery HR Fixed distance test walk run for a certain distance in the shortest amount of time o Two common test protocols for testing CRF walk run test or pure walk test 1 mile walk test used for those who are sedentary or irregularly active or unable to run due to an injury Requires an accurate measure of body weight and a clock to time both duration of walk and a 15s pulse count following the walk VO2 132 8 0 1692 x wt 0 3877 x age 6 315 x gender 0 for women 1 for men 3 2649 x time 0 1565 x HR 1 5 mile run test requires client to complete this distance in the shortest amount of time by walking or running Ideally the client should be able to jog for 15 min VO2 3 5 483 1 5 mi time min Fixed time tests requires client to cover max distance in the fixed amount of time o o o 12 min walk test and 6 min walk test VO2 distance in meters 504 9 44 73 6 min walk test is common as an outcome to measure to evaluate progress in rehabilitation programs 5 What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of submaximal testing o Advantages they do not require highly trained personnel to administer them they are time efficient inexpensive require little to no equipment relatively safe especially for those in low risk category o Disadvantages even though it is supposed to be submaximal people with lower fitness levels can result in max or near maximal level of exertion Max HR BP RPP VO2 max are not directly measured 6 Identify sources of errors that are involved in submaximal testing o Any errors in measurement of workload such as using an ergometer that isn t properly calibrated o Age predicted HR max varies between individuals o Variability in mechanical efficiency on an ergometer Some people are more efficient use less oxygen at a given work rate Standard error is as high as 7 o Variability in submaximal HR at the same work rate on different days Intensities producing HR between 120 and 150 HR varied by 8 on different days o Possibility of a break in linearity of HR and VO2 as the values approach max 7 What are the four assumptions we make when doing submaximal testing o A steady state HR is obtained for each exercise work rate Steady state is when HR is 5 o A linear relationship exists between HR and work rate Whenever HR increases so does VO2 o Difference between actual and predicted max HR is minimal Most common formula is 220 age o Mechanical efficiency VO2 at a given work rate is the same for everyone 8 o What is meant by steady state Steady state is when the active tissues can be adequately met by the cardiovascular system Occurs when the HR changes are less than 5bpm 9 What is the Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale o Rate of perceived exertion scale that monitors an individual s exercise tolerance Ranges from 6 least amount of effort to 20 max effort 10 Know general procedures for submaximal testing cycle and bench step o Cycle Obtain resting HR and BP prior to exercise Properly position client on ergometer upright posture correct bend of knee hands in proper position Begin with 2 3 min warm up Protocol consists of 2 or 3 min stages w appropriate increments in work rate HR monitored at least 2 times each stage towards the end of 2nd 3rd min HR 110bpm steady state HR should be reached before workload is increased hypertensive response BP monitored in last min of stage and repeated in the event of hypotensive or RPE scale is used at end of last min of each stage Monitor clients appearance and symptoms Test is terminated if subject reaches 70 HR reserve 85 age predicted HR fails to conform to test protocols experiences adverse signs or symptoms requests to stop or experiences an emergency situation Cool down period Continue HR BP and look for signs symptoms for at least 5 min of recovery Step up and down on a standardized step 16 25 in for 3 min Men 24 steps per min Women 22 steps per min At the end client stops and palpates the pulse while standing within the first 5 sec and 15s pulse count is taken o Step Know systolic diastolic and mean arterial pressure Know how to calculate MAP 11 PP and RPP Systolic Diastolic Mean arterial pressure MAP maximum pressure exerted on the arteries during contraction of the heart minimum pressure exerted on the arteries during the relaxation of the heart the average arterial pressure in an individual 3 formulas i MAP CO x TPR ii MAP 1 3 PP DBP when HR 100 iii MAP 1 2 PP DBP when HR 100 pulse pressure PP o rate pressure product RPP consumption systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure HR x SBP 100 indirect measure of myocardial O2 12 to Know how to calculate the heart rate reserve from the Karvonen Formula Be able calculate intensity or target heart rate o Karvonen formula uses HR reserve to calculate training zones based on both max and resting HR 200 age max HR Max HR resting HR HR reserve HR reserve x training resting HR 13 Know how to calculate
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