MUSC 210 1 26 15 01 28 2015 Ethnomusicologist Like anthropologists Music of Peru mainly General topics issues via case studies Traditions chosen are unfamiliar Part I Participatory music goal is to encourage participation exists everywhere in the world Church music Presentational music opposite of participatory designed to be listened to Western European classical music Comparison The reason we compare is not to make value judgments but to see the similarities differences general patterns and local differences Part II Different time periods in Cuba looking at changes through music Socialism Cuban music is known all over the world Music and tourism Part III Comparative thinking topics already covered in part I and II Exams are kind of cumulative concepts continue on case studies are new Exams no MC only writing sentences Qhantati video Red and white theme Costumes are all the same Disorganized circle formation playing different tunes Siku and drum used De emphasizing individuality o Focus more on the group rather than the individual Flutes melody drums rhythm Parallel melody different pitches of the same melody Tight percussion section is an important tradition holds group together while the pipes don t Pipes are intentionally not part of the center o Encourages participation Dance along with music participatory tradition of movement o Gets people involved Alturas video Presentational music More rehearsed Not a performance Chord progressions 1 28 15 Possible Question for Friday Describe five general characteristics of Andean indigenous siku tropa music and explain how each characteristic encourages musical participation Give examples to support your argument Devote at least 3 sentences to each answer Look at the sheet about Siku tropa music and explain each of these Aymara Quechua Primary languages spoken in the area by indigenous people Spoken before Europeans came over Don t refer to ethnic groups Indigenous Native Americans in the sense of all the Americas and that they existed there before Europeans discovered them Not dependent purely on ancestry parents could be indigenous and you could not be Cultural Category How you behave and think Ayllu Indigenous community Participates in the life of the community o Can do this by playing in the ensemble Egalitarianism Cultural value very significant to religion Non hierarchical society o 1 person doesn t have power over someone else Leadership roles are rotated only a representative of the community Communitarianism Cultural value very significant to religion Emphasizing the community over the individual Saying We are all the same Stresses difference with other communities o Conflict avoidance I have a problem o Avoiding eye contact Indirect social style Decisions reached by Consensus Guia Meaning Guide Musical Director Doesn t give orders just guides people on the right path To become a guia of the ensemble you act like you don t want to be him o Humble o Not Opinionated or jumping to conclusions o Always there and reliable o Position usually held for longer periods of time o Well respected when maintaining their humility When he thought it was time he would walk over to the drum and start tapping it Grabs a pan pipe and start playing a bit And people just join in Beginning is chaotic especially if 2 groups play different things Andean Indigenous Siku Tropa Music A performance of a cultural ideal When you play this music according how they think it ought to be played it is very egalitarian and communitarian Sounds good to people who have embraced those ideals Tropa format Wind instruments of the same family accompanied by percussion Large ensembles o Larger the better Reduces pressure because individuals aren t noticed o Want it to sound like a commmunity Circle Formation while walking in a circle at the same time o More inclusive o People look like a blur Hocket Playing with an interlocking technique o Scale of a melody is divided between to two pan pipes o Can not be played by one person Between the ira leader and arca followers Done intentionally Parallel Polyphony Everyone in the entire group is playing the same thing except at different pitches Only one melody to learn so it is easy to learn Dense sound 1 29 15 Siku Tropa Cyclical Form A A B B C C Experienced members Requinteando Cadence of a section o indicates a cadence Repeated over and over and over again o Challenge for advanced musicians A set of chords or tones letting you know you are coming to the end Wayno Lento o Slower Paced music o Duh duh duh duhhhhhhhhhh Wayno Ligero o Faster Paced music o Chuta Chuta Up down up down type cadence Choclo o Snare drums o Dense sound o Easter Imillani A particular kind of style Genre 2 4 15 Communal Composition A few days before the performance musicians gather at They circle up and they start brainstorming tunes without talking somebodies house They just play If people like a tune they repeat it and ignore it if they like it After a while one tune comes out 2 4 15 Musical genre is encompassed by musical style which is encompassed by social values Linear Form in presentational music Not very repetitive Music Notes Fast paced with a heavy beat Siku Tropa Chocolo Socially makes it easier to learn Dense o Slightly tuned apart o Breathy sound because of pan pipes Good Words Contrasts Variety Transparency Practice Monophonic Register Repetition Density o Flexible intonation Not everyone is in tune with each other o Layering of voices and instruments Requires more people Presentational music needs variety Changes in registers are good for this 2 9 15 2 13 15 Ostinato Repeated pattern in same musical voice Mbira finger piano o Most culturally significant instrument in Zimbabwe 2 16 15 2 20 15 Bira Ceremony o Interlocking Call response Mbira players between o Density Bottle caps buzzing timbre sound Overlapping Singing clapping Flexible Intonation o Cyclical Form Gradual Realized performed Jazz like not the same every time o Community Pa o Core and Elaboration of Bira music Ostinatos Middle bass notes of the mbira Elaboration Call and Response core elaboration Higher notes of the mbira Signing clapping stomping dancing of family Similarities Differences Densities are similar Participatory Cyclical Form Challenges for advanced musicians Both have ritual aspects to some songs Instrumental ensembles instruments used More or less variation in parts of the music o Bira is less defined People clapping and dancing Review Indigenous Siku Tropa o