Mihaylo College of Business and Economics Organizational Behavior Midterm I Study Guide Instructor Dayna Walker Fall 2015 Study Guide Chapter 1 What is organizational behavior OB Organizational Behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals groups and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization s effectiveness What do managers do in terms of functions roles and skills Management functions Planning defining an organization s goals establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities Organizing determining what tasks are to be done who is to do them how they are grouped who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made It designs an organization s structure Controlling monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as a planned and correcting any significant deviations Leading Motivating employees directing others selecting the most effective communication channels and resolving conflicts All of these skills requires technical conceptual and human skills Management roles Interpersonal figurehead represents company for events leader employee motivation liason maintains network of outside contacts Informational monitor receives info serves as nerve center of internal external info disseminator transmits info to employees from organizations spokesperson transmits info to outsiders on organization plans Decisional entrepreneur disturbance handler resource allocation re ne gotiator Management skills Technical encompasses the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise ex Civil engineers oral surgeons Human understands communicates motivates and supports other people individually and in groups Conceptual mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations Chapter 2 Compare and contrast the two major forms of workforce diversity Workforce Diversity acknowledges a workforce of women and men many racial and ethnic groups individuals with a variety of physical or psychological abilities and people who differ in age and sexual orientation 1 Surface Level diversity Differences in easily perceived characteristics such as gender race ethnicity age or disability that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes Stuff you can see on the outside 2 Deep Level diversity Differences in values personality and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better What is intellectual ability and how is it relevant to OB Intellectual abilities are abilities needed to perform mental activities ex thinking reasoning problem solving How do organizations manage diversity effectively Diversity management is the process and programs by which managers make everyone more aware of and sensitive to the needs and differences of others Effective diversity programs teach managers about the legal framework for equal employment opportunity and encourage fair treatment of all people They will also teach managers how a diverse workforce will be more effective at serving a diverse customer base Chapter 3 What causes job satisfaction Job satisfaction is a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics It s directly correlated with life satisfaction People who have core self evaluations who believe in their inner worth and basic competence are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self evaluations For most people is pay or the work itself more important The work itself Pay is only related to satisfaction to a point What outcomes does job satisfaction influence More productivity engaged in organizational citizenship behavior increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty less turnover rates less likely to do counter productive work What implications does this have for management Managers should pay attention to employee s job satisfaction levels and their attitudes objectively at regular intervals They should evaluate the fit between the employee s work interests and the parts of their job to create work that is challenging and interesting to the individual How can managers detect job dissatisfaction Exit Voice Loyalty Neglect Evaluations How do we measure job satisfaction The single global rating or the summation of job facets What are the major job attitudes Attitudes are evaluative statements either favorable unfavorable about objects people or events They reflect how we feel about something Organizational Commitment Identifying with a particular organization and its goals and wishing to maintain membership in the organization Perceived Organizational Support POS degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well being This is higher when rewards are fair employees are involved in decision making and supervisors are seen as supportive Employee Engagement the degree of involvement with satisfaction with and enthusiasm for the job Engaged employees are passionate about their work company Job Involvement degree of psychological identification with the job where perceived performance is important to self worth What are the main components of attitudes Cognitive Component a description of or belief in the way things are Affective component emotional or feeling segment of an attitude Behavioral Component intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something Are these components related or unrelated These components are closely related and cognition and affect are inseperable Chapter 4 What is the difference between emotions and moods Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something caused by specific events in the moment Moods are less intense feelings than emotions and often arise without a specific event acting as a stimulus long and lasting What are the basic emotions and moods Emotions wonder love hatred desire joy sadness Moods joy gratitude anger guilt Are emotions rational Yes we must have the ability to experience emotions to be rational because our emotions provide information about how we understand the world around us They help us make ethical decisions The key to good decision making is to employ both thinking and feeling in our decisions Example Phineas Gage who got injured but was intelligent and able to read and speak but lost his