FSU AMH 3351 - Lecture 1 Compromise of 1850

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Lecture 1 Compromise of 1850 04 08 2014 a American Civil War a lot of the causes that developed b w the Free vs Slave States began in the America West i Because the big battle was b w either stopping or spreading slavery out West into the new territories b Southwestern United States 1848 i Biggest problem arises out of the land taken from the American Mexican War ii This region is not suitable for cash crops However the problem was that slave were property and Southerners wanted to take their property into the new territory 1 Northerners wanted no slavery so small farmers could set up shop and not need to compete with the larger plantations slave labor a David Wilmot was a racist who wants the New Southwestern region to be reserved for white families only b During the war David attaches a Proviso onto a bill going through congress which states i Any of the territories taken from Mexico African American cant live there whether they are slave or free c As a result Southerners are outraged d However this Proviso is never voted into law by Congress i But the idea that no slaves can be moved into the new territory will give rise to a new Political Party Free Soil Party 1 Free Soil Party believes land should be reserved for free 2 Wilmot Proviso 1846 3 California 1849 men not slaves a California is the state that brings the issue of slavery out West to the forefront of National Politics i Remember this region was considered the Great American Desert so people thought this issue slavery would not be a problem for years to come since nobody was going to go this far out West b Johann Sutter i An entrepreneur would understood that Americans were going to win the Mexican American War and then settle in California 1 Thus he will provide lumber to the American coming to Cali 2 While they re building this lumber mill one of this workers discover gold ii December 1848 sample of Cali Gold reaches Washington and the word is out there is gold in Cali 1 100K people move to California in search for gold c The Gold Rush will bring all kinds of people adventurers gamblers business men thieves etc thus law is needed in Cali i Territory Constitution is drafted and application for Statehood is sent to Washington ii The delegates want to make California a free state 1 Delegates are not anti slavery but instead they want to keep California for white men only iii Territory Constitution arrives to Washington and all hell breaks loose is 1849 4 Slave State Problems in 1850 a The House of Representatives in 1789 i Free States had 54 of the seats ii Slave States had 46 of the seats b House of Representatives in 1850 i Free States 62 ii Slave States 38 HOR c Balance in the Senate in 1850 1 Due to this shift Anti Slavery laws are be passed in the i The only place Southerners can block Anti Slavery legislation is in the Senate ii Senate had equal number of Free State and Slave State senators 5 Compromise Issues a If California comes in as a Free State that is a 2 advantage for the Free States in the Senate i Also Minnesota is coming in as a Free State another 2 ii Oregon will also come in as a Free State another 2 1 For Southerners California coming in as a Free State will give the Free State reps an overwhelming hold on Congress 2 California is the make or break state 6 Old Guard of the Senate 7 Changing of the Guard a Henry Clay President of United States Senate i He will try to make a compromise to make both sides happy Compromise of 1850 1 California will be admitted as a Free State 2 To give Slave States hope New Mexico will be left up to the citizens of NM to decide ii Clay s Compromise is put forth into Senate for debate a Zachary Taylor President of the United States elected as a Whig i Taylor himself owned a sugar plantation one would assume he would be pro slavery ii However to show people he had national interests Taylor puts forth is own compromise right after Clay s 1 California and New Mexico will both be Free States 2 Taylor also tells Clay that he will veto his Compromise iii Taylor dies b Millard Fillmore i VP who becomes president ii Fillmore wants to get the issue resolved 1 Clay is on a vacation so his bill cant be passed 2 As a result Douglas comes into the picture 8 Late July 1850 a Stephen A Douglas i Senators from Chicago who takes over the proceedings ii Puts together a compromise that is passed in the HOR and Senate 1 California admitted into the Union 2 Texas gave up western border New Mexico iii Douglas is a Northern Democrat who wants to be President 1 To do this he needs support of the Southern Democrats iv Douglas is a supporter of the Transcontinental Railroad 1 However he wanted the rail to start from IL making his hometown the center of business v Southerners didn t want the Transcontinental Railroad due to the Missouri Compromise 1820 1 In 1820 there was a similar situation to 1850 balance in the Senate 2 Missouri becomes a Slave State but any other territory part of the Louisiana Purchase will become a Free State a Southerners want Transcontinental to begin in New Orleans vi Douglas s proposes to the Southern Democrats that if you support the railroad to begin from IL he will erase the Missouri Compromise and let the citizens decided on the matter of slavery 1 Makes Southerners happy vii Douglas puts forth the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 1 Passes through Congress in 1854 2 The Free Soil Party join forces with other groups to form the Republican Party a The reason why the Republican Party was formed to oppose the Kansas Nebraska Act viii Douglas as a result causes animosity to build on both sides Lecture 2 1 Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 04 08 2014 2 Bleeding Kansas a Created the two territories Kansas and Nebraska i Slavery was decided by the people people would vote on issue result a race to Kansas and Nebraska began ii Kansas and Nebraska are located near Missouri slave state so the pro slavery faction have an advantage b Revokes the Missouri Compromise line which had made slavery illegal in the Louisiana Purchase territories a David Atchison a Missouri Senator organizes 1500 Missourian to go and vote in Kansas and then come back to Missouri This is illegal i Pro Slavery win the election ii Anti Slavery knew about the election was rigged they call the election null and void b As a result both factions end up staying in Kansas and set up shop and eventually both faction begin fighting and killing each other thus giving the nickname Bleeding Kansas c Massachusetts Emigrant Aid


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