04 21 2014 Drugs Drugs Narcotics Drug use Drug abuse Addiction Substances that have psychological or physical effects Drugs that are considered illegal today Act of internally processing chemical substances other than food that have physical effects Use of drugs despite adverse consequences Chronic condition that can include both a psychological and or physical compulsion towards drug seeking and use o may recognize consequences but continue to use Types of Drugs stimulants type of drug that excites the body stimulates the brain o caffeine o tobacco o cocaine o Alcohol o Codine o Muscle relaxers depressants type of drug that slows the activity of vital organs in the body to create a relaxed sleepy feeling Hallucinogens type of drug that distorts the senses and creates o Inhalents o Heroin o Marijuana hallucinations o LSD o PCP o SHROOMS o Acid last month 20 drug use Age w most drug use 18 25 26 16 26 42 By race since 2000 teen drug use has declined Lowest Asians o Hispanics o Whites o Indians o Blacks o Mixed races Income Younger ages negligable difference income Older drug use income than non drug users Reasons for drug use Biological predisposition to addiction Socialization those who use drugs are friends w others who use drugs o Peers influence you o selection effect seek others like yourself Medicalization process by which we expand the use of medical terms and solutions to nonmedical problems Symbolic interactionism how does society define a drug what impacts our viewpoints Functionalism drugs have positive and negative potential o retreatism the response of a person who has given up on trying to achieve the goals of society b c he or she believes those goals have no merit Conflict Theory inequalities in booking sentencing race class divides blacks arrested for drugs at 2 5x to 5 5x the rate of whites Sex 04 21 2014 Gender behavioral cultural and psychological traits associated with being male or female Sex biological makeup of males or females especially in regard to their reproductive organs and physical structures Gender identity our perception of ourselves as male or female Transgender individual whose identity crosses over or challenges their society s traditional roles or expressions Sexual orientation An enduring pattern of emotional romantic and or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes Those who have emotional romantic or sexual attractions to o Members of the opposite sex heterosexual o Members of their own sex homosexual o Both men and women bisexual Reproduction and birth control Abortion termination and removal of a fetus from a woman s uterus before birth Roe v wade Prostitution the unlawful promotion of or participation in sexual activities for profit o includes solicitation of customers and transport of persons for prostitution or operating an establishment where prostitution is performed Becoming a prostitute o Drift change from casual sex to the first incident of exchanging sex for money o Transition approx 6 month period in which try to rationalize o Professionalization point at which women identify themselves their behavior as normal as prostitutes Sex tourism act of people from wealthy nations traveling to less developed countries for sexual acts that may or may not be illegal in their home country Objectification treating a person as a thing or object w o concern for his or her personal characteristics Commodification transformation of relationships that were formerly unrelated to commerce into economic relationships built on buying and selling Human trafficking being bought and sold to perform services against your will Pornography Something that appeals to a lust oriented interest in sex is in opposition to accepted community standards and has no redeeming social value Resulting social problems o Aggression towards women o Correlation w increased rapes o Evidence is NOT conclusive Theoretical Approaches Queer theory o Body of theory and research that seeks to neutralize the heterosexual bias in the US o Turn to historical literature to point out that sexuality is constantly changing over time o Heterosexual as the dominant group in society others are o Men can dominate women sexually maintain control in Conflict Theory abnormal society Functionalism o Sexuality unifies people when they couple o Procreation social unification Symbolic interactionism o What is the meaning of sexuality o How do we choose to label ourselves sexually Race and Ethnicity Race 04 21 2014 Socially constructed division of people based on certain physical characteristics NOT biological Externally defined involuntary o Ex native American caucasian Ethnicity Classification of people who use a common linguistic or ancestral heritage Voluntary self defined o Ex german irish American italian Majority Group group that has the largest population in society and holds Significant power and privilege Minority Group any group that has a smaller population and less power than the majority group Racism prejudice that asserts one race is inferior to another thus making them less worthy of fair treatment Prejudice rigid generalizations often negative about an entire category of people Stereotypes simplified and extreme perceptions of an entire group of people that are usually based on false assumptions Discrimination deliberate and unfair treatment of people based on prejudice Institutionalized discrimination maintains the advantage for the dominant group while providing the appearance of fairness to all Scapegoat making an unfair accusation against a person or group as the cause of a problem White privilege perceived set of societal privileges that while people benefit from beyond those commonly experience by people of color Immigration Voluntary immigration willing movement of people from one society to another Involuntary forced movement of people from one society to another Labor immigrants those who migrate to a new country because they are seeking work Professional immigrants those who migrate to a new country b c they posses some skill or profession Entrepenurial those who migrate to a new country b c they seek to own their own business Refugees those who migrate b c they re seeking safety and freedom Ethnocentrism judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one s own culture Multiculturalism concept that supports the inherent of different cultures within society Assimilation process by which minority groups adopt the patterns of the dominant culture Rapid