Lecture Final Review Truman Containment Policy Political Containment Truman Doctrine Instead of decreasing Cold War tensions this increased it this was how President Truman wanted to fight the world written by George Kennan called for quiet long term patient containment of communist expansion President Truman could not do containment quietly he had to do it loud and public a b Written for Europe but the Cold War was global He had to apply it to the entire world The Containment Policy was a 3 way attack on the communists the doctrine said that the U S would give aid and assistance to any government that asks us for it that is fighting against a communist revolution Why we enacted the Truman Doctrine The British tell the U S they are withdrawing and this was a problem for the U S especially because of Greece and Turkey Domino Theory Cold War Theory to communism then all the nations in that region would fall to communism said if you let a nation in an area or region fall economic aid with no strings attached to rebuild all of Economic Containment Marshall Plan Europe The U S pours 2 million into this and it was very successful The Soviet Union called it an imperialist scheme George Kennan wrote it Berlin Blockade This skyrocketed Cold War tensions defeats the blockade and it is called off Berlin Airlift the Russians blockaded Berlin because they wanted to take it over this was President Truman s answer to the Berlin Blockade this Fall of China Military Containment North Atlantic Treaty ORG NATO an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949 The organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party Nationalist Chiang Kai shek Communist Mao Tse Tung U S 1 Makes a hydrogen bomb 2 President Truman asks for more money from congress to build up a military the communist Chinese won the Chinese Civil War December 1949 What resulted in the Fall of China The U S supported the French fight against communists in Vietnam they were afraid of the Domino Theory happening Korean War June 1950 this was the first time Korea became divided Started when communist supported North Korea attacks South Korea The U S immediately responds President Truman calls an emergency session of the U N Security Council They meet and vote to stop the communist aggression in North Korea It was passed and ended the war This was an international police action by the U N Douglas Macarthur Inchon Landings Macarthur general of the U N general forces representing the U S U S landing NATO force September 1950 in Korea Presented by The New Look November 1950 2 000 communist troupes went to border and U S pushed to peninsula until 1951 In a Cold War you first to the political solution then military U S allies in the Cold War said to back off Korea or it would start WWIII 1953 Armistice was signed and Korean War ended cease fire Dwight D Eisenhower president that was elected in 1952 and replaced Truman The election was all about the Cold War He was a ranking English and American general First commander of NATO Retired registered as a republican then was president 6 months later John Foster Dulles Eisenhower s secretary of state this was President Eisenhower s foreign policy in fighting the Cold War MORE AGGRESSIVE AND LESS EXPENSIVE in fighting communists then democratic containment President Eisenhower sends message and it says that communists in Korea at peace table and South Korean government that they will cease fire Then he says you will sign it or else U S will unleash tactical nuclear weapons to take out their ability to fight July 1953 they sign it and war is over 1 Massive Retaliation if communist activity anywhere in the world gets out of hand the U S S R is responsible therefore the U S will launch a massive retaliation nuclear strike on the Soviet Union other side to back down and do what you want This was all very successful because President Eisenhower was talking to leaders of communist parties in terms that they understood to threaten to go to the very edge of war the brink in order to get the 2 Brinksmanship Castro Cuba Bay of Pigs president elected in November 1960 and took office in 1961 replaced John F Kennedy Eisenhower He learns of plans to invade Cuba He has no foreign policy experience Fidel Castro comes to communist power in 1959 U S is upset about this U S response to Castro coming to power Kennedy gives his okay in April 1961 by the advised yes from experienced people to have to C I A train 2400 anti Castro Cubans and have them invade Cuba in attempt to overthrow Castro in the Bay of Pigs This was a complete failure 1200 of them were killed 1200were captures This made JFK look very bad Others tell him to invade Cuba but he says no scared of making another mistake General belief failure of the Bay of Pigs because JFK did not allow airplanes want to take advantage of him advantage of JFK when he said he was building the Berlin Wall and JFK said nothing Khrushchev tries to take advantage of JFK again almost nuclear war Khrushchev installed missiles in Cuba aimed at the U S they could put out 2 3 of the U S under nuclear attack in 30 minutes new leader of the Soviet Union He thinks JFK is weak inexperienced and May June 1961 at the conference Khrushchev thinks he has taken Vienna Conference Cuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev 1 Quarantine JFK did not allow any missiles or missile parts in the U S from Cuba The U S will sink any ship that does not stop for inspection K says Soviet Union ships are heading for Cuba and will not stop for U S inspection because they have missiles in them JFK says the U S will sink those ships and K says if they do there will be a nuclear war Then the Soviet Union sends a telegram to the U S that says they will have the ships turn around if the U S does not invade Cuba Before U S replies the Soviet Union sends another telegram that says if the U S wants the ships turn around they must not invade Cuba AND take the missiles out of Turkey JFK then announces to world that the ships are turning around in exchange for the U S not invading Cuba This was the ultimate example of brinksmanship U S victory and this shows that JFK was not soft against communists wheat to Russia very cheap they need speak immediately To reduce Cold War tensions were supposed to 1964 JFK and leader of the Soviet Union have these phones in their offices in