Unit 2 Review Lecture American Empire 1900 1920 s Theodore Roosevelt 1901 1908 maintain control of political stability of an area region or nation for the benefit of the USA Big Stick Diplomacy America s military force Roosevelt s foreign policy speak softly and carry a big stick Big stick refers to 1 Panama Canal The U S S Oregon drove the need for the U S to want a canal Its trip took 68 days and 4000 miles The Walker Commission of the House of Representatives decides where to build the canal We want to build the canal in Panama but the New Panama Canal Company already has the rights to a canal in Panama The Walker Commission is willing to pay 40 million to the New Panama Canal Company but they want 109 million The House of Representatives then suggests Nicaragua Then the New Panama Canal Company quickly reacts and they launch the Stamp Campaign Stamp Campaign the New Panama Canal Company tells the U S there are volcanoes in Nicaragua They also drop their asking price of the canal to 40 million January 18 1902 the Walker Commission sets on Panama for the Canal June 1902 budget is passed we start negotiating with Columbia to start building June 1903 everything is passed and the treaties signed The treaties need to be ratified by the U S and Columbia Columbia says no because they wanted more money There was a rule given to the New Panama Canal Company that the canal had to be built by a certain date or everything belongs to Columbia Roosevelt learns Columbia is stalling and spreads more rumors Mr Bunae Varilla is in charge of the New Panama Canal Company and announces that the U S can have the canal However when the U S gets there Panama revolts and leaves Columbia and declares itself a nation U S recognizes this new nation Mr Bunae Varilla is then named the Ambassador of Panama Hay Bunae Varilla Treaty signed November 18 1903 This gave the U S the right to build the canal through Panama 2 Platt Amendment Cuba 1904 Places Cuba under American control for foreign policy It says 1 Cuba cannot sign a treaty that might hurt its independence 2 3 Cuba must give the U S land for a naval base If Cuban independence is threatened or not protected the U S can intervene 3 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine December 1904 Major strengthening to the Monroe Doctrine It says From now on only the U S can regulate control or rectify problems in the Americas The U S became known as The Policemen of Latin America Why This Corollary was a result of a money problem with Venezuela Venezuela sold 25 million of bond Half were sold to German and half to British citizens in business Venezuela defaulted on their bond payments German and British governments went to Roosevelt and said that Venezuela needs to pay the bond payments They seized Venezuela ships and blockaded Venezuela until payment Then they bombarded Venezuelan coastal forces They take this issue to the Permanent Court World Court to The Hague in Belgium and they say that the German and British should go to the New World The U S Roosevelt doesn t like this and issues the Corollary We take control of the Dominican Republic s taxes to pay back the defaulted bonds William Howard Taft 1908 1912 o Dollar Diplomacy maintaining control through economic penetration through the marketplace This stabilizes the U S and takes advantage of the underdog President Woodrow Wilson 1912 1920 Idealistic Missionary Diplomacy He wanted to promote stability of an area for the U S though democracy This is an ideal He wants to do what is in the best interest of another country short term and in interest of the U S long term His policy was so bad that no presidents successfully based their foreign policy on democracy ideal The media called it Missionary Diplomacy because he went around the world trying to spread democracy World War I 1914 1918 The spark that led to WWI Austria Hungary is an empire and has seven language groups One group was the Serbians but they wanted to be apart of Serbia There was a nationalist movement Austria Hungary did not want them to go The Archduke of the Austria Hungary Empire Franz Ferdinand wanted to let the Serbians go He went on a journey to get information and got assassinated while out in June 1914 by a Serbian Nationalist When Germany violated Belgium neutrality the British entered WWI This was the first example of German Militancy Central Powers Germany Austria Hungary and Italy The countries down the center of Europe Triple Alliance the secret agreement that ties them together Shortly after the war begins Italy switches sides France Great Britain and Russia Triple Entente the secret agreement that ties them together Allied Powers Proclamation of Neutrality supported by Americans It says We will be neutral in thoughts and actions President Woodrow Wilson issues this and it is widely Each side then starts a Propaganda Campaign to get the U S to help them U S Trade 1914 Allied 754 Million Central 345 Million 1916 Allied 2 7 Billion Central 2 Million Loans to 1916 Allied 2 3 Billion 5 billion investment with the Allied Powers U S was not remaining neutral The U S was neutral from August 1914 April 1917 Now the balance of powers is tipping to the Allied Powers because of U S Trade and the Central Powers might lose Germany knows the U S was not being neutral Then Germany declares a war zone around England and Great Britain to sink U S ships Strict Accountability President Woodrow Wilson told Germans they would be held U S ship sunk by the Germans Majority aboard were Americans This in strict accountability started a major confrontation between the U S and Germany This alienated the U S against Germany Germany WJB resigns because he thinks Wilson is not being fair British weren t letting our ships go through anglophile Then our government starts being more Pro British replaces WJB as Security of State However he is Pro British Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan of President Wilson sent protest note to Robert Lancing Lusitania Germany ends Lusitania crisis in 1916 by agreeing not to sink unarmed merchant ships in the war zone which were mainly U S ships Zimmermann Telegram Unrestricted Submarine Warfare January 31 1917 Germany announces that it will sink any ships in the war zone Germany does this so the ones getting supplies from the U S will run out of supplies so Germany will win WWI Zimmermann is the German foreign minister The Germans sent this telegram to Mexico in high diplomatic code It asked for Mexico s help and for