FSU PCB 3743 - Chapter 8 Central Nervous System

Unformatted text preview:

Chapter 8 Central Nervous System p 204 209 231 235 Know the very basic anatomy of the CNS as mentioned in lecture o spinal cord o brainstem Contains ascending and descending tracts that conducts impulses from the body receptors to the brain ascending tracts or from the brain to the body descending Starting from top of the brainstem down it contains The midbrain the pons respiratory centers reticular formation and medulla oblongata The medulla contains all vital centers for breathing and cardiovascular responses o cerebellum o cerebrum o cerebral cortex o Gryus Part of the brain that serves as a major center of control in the motor system Second largest structure in the brain Consists of right and left hemispheres which are connected internally by a large fiber tract called corpus callosum bark of the brain where cerebral neurons are located the bulging part of a wrinkle on the cortex The gryus allows local connections to use shorter axons long distance connections still require long axons o sulcus o ventricles CSF the valley of the fold in between the wrinkles Ventricles are spaces within the brain and spinal cord that are filled with cerebral spinal fluid CSF o spinal nerves vs cranial nerves Spinal Nerves signals between spinal cord and the body Carries motor sensory and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body Cluster of neurons called a ganglia Spinal somatic nerves motor neuron cell body in CNS Spinal cord somatic motor neuron skeletal muscle Cranial Nerves inputs to and outputs from the CNS Sensory and motor nerves that come straight to and from the brain Smell vision and eyes face hearing and balance taste tongue and GI tract Cluster of neurons called a nucleus Be able to point to the 4 different lobes of the cerebrum Fox Figure 8 5a o Frontal Lobe Voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles personality higher intellectual processes and verbal communication o Parietal Somatesthetic interpretation things like cutaneous and muscular sensations understanding speech and formulating words to express thoughts and emotions interpretation of textures and shapes o Temporal Interpretation of auditory sensations memory of auditory and visual experiences o Occipital Integration of movements in focusing the eye correlation of visual images with previous visual experiences and other sensory stimuli conscious perception of vision Understand the homunculus of the motor and somatosensory cortex o Somatosensory Cortex Is located right behind central sulcus and it is the termination of sensory information coming from the skin o Motor Cortex Located right in front of central sulcus and they are cerebral neurons that initiate movement sending axons directly and indirectly to spinal motor neurons o Homhunculus It s a map of the sensory input to the somatosensory cortex and motor output to motor cortex Parts of the body that have a higher density of sensory receptors get a bigger share of the somatosensory cortex dedicated to processing Parts of the body with the finest motor control most muscles get a bigger share of the motor cortex o Know that sensation crosses over so if it is felt on your right side of your body it was sent from the left side of the brain Depending on the type of sensation affects where the sensation is crossed over So touch and stretch will cross over late near the brain stem but temperature and pain cross over almost immediately and this can be used to detect brain spinal cord damage You do NOT need to review p 210 231 Chapter 9 Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems Be able to compare contrasting the sympathetic SNS and parasympathetic PNS nervous systems You do NOT need to memorize all the specific effects of the autonomic nervous system but be familiar with the examples covered in lecture o The SNS is made up from nerves from the spinal cord that run to chain ganglia or collateral ganglia and then to glands and smooth muscles Nerves from spinal cord run to chain ganglia or collateral ganglia and then to glands and smooth muscle have their ganglia right outside the spinal cord and activated by spinal nerves It mobilizes energy to divert blood to muscles to prepare for fight or flight o The PNS is made up of nerves from brainstem and spinal cord and runs to glands and smooth muscles Nerves from brainstem and spinal cord run to glands and smooth muscle ganglia lie some distance from the spinal cord and activated by axons coming from brainstem It prepares for digestion energy STORAGE and diverts blood flow to gut Rest and Digest o Class Examples of ANS functions Breathing Smooth muscle of airways has receptors embedded and bathes it with necessary NTS o Sympathetic relaxation and dilation of airways o Parasympathetic constriction of airways Parasympathetic division o Preganglionic neurons release Ach nicotinic Ach receptors on postganglionic neurons then post ganglia release ACh to stimulate muscarinic Ach receptors Sympathetic division o Preganglionic neurons release Ach nicotinic Ach receptors on postganglionic neurons then post ganglia release NOREPINEPHRINE to stimulate Alpha adrenergic receptors vasoconstriction in Beta1 adrenergic receptors increased HR and Beta2 adrenergic receptors dilation of bronchioles viscera and skin contraction in lungs Blood Vessels o Epinephrine Adrenalin is secreted from Adrenal Gland and Autonomic Neurons during stress one neurotransmitter multiple effects Epinephrine beta receptor skeletal muscle blood vessel dilates Beta receptor also in liver glycogen stores o Epinephrine alpha receptor intestinal muscle blood vessel constrict Know the general location of the preganglionic cell bodies and the ganglionic cell bodies Recognize the parts of Fox Figure 9 5 do NOT need to memorize any of the specific nerves or what nerve projects to which organ SNS Anatomy Preganglionic axons synapse with postganglionic neurons Postganglionic axons innervate target organs Understand the sympathetic chain ganglia and adrenal medulla circuitry in particular Know the major neurotransmitters used by the SNS and PNS neurons o SNS Sympathetic chain of paravertebral ganglia connected to spinal roots by white ramus preganglionic going into ganglion and gray ramus postganglionic leaving out of ganglion convergence of inputs leads to mass activation of postganglionic neurons postganglionic fibers join spinal nerves innervate blood vessels et al in skeletal muscles and skin Splanchnic Nerves collateral ganglia


View Full Document

FSU PCB 3743 - Chapter 8 Central Nervous System

Documents in this Course
Exam 1

Exam 1

18 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

32 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

19 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

28 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

26 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

30 pages

Load more
Download Chapter 8 Central Nervous System
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Chapter 8 Central Nervous System and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Chapter 8 Central Nervous System 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?