FSU PUP 3002 - Public Policy Cumulative Final Exam notes

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Public Policy Cumulative Final Exam notes Education policy United states has provide free public education for about 100 years now Is there an efficiency based justification for public education o In education if private entity provided all education would there be any market failures o Is there any justification for the government to get involved with education that would improve efficiency o Only those who can afford education would get one o The criteria for government involvement is not efficiency based it would be equity based willing to pay Everybody should have a public education regardless if their Positive externality other people benefit and are more productive when you have o More likely to make informed decisions on who you vote for if you have an education an education Equity based criteria o We want all people to have some minimal education to equalize the education Education appears to be a great equalizer o One of the most effective ways to reduce income inequality is to ensure the people have equal access to quality education You re more likely to have a high income if you have more education o US provides education as a means to provide immigrants a way to assimilate into American culture When you re educated we teach you civics and about American culture and other values through the education process Historically it s been run by state and local governments Education has external benefits in that other people benefit from you being educated o But education also has aspects of our private good o Other people might benefit from me being educated but who benefits the Should we view education as a private good or a public good o Traditionally public education was financed by state and local most governments o In 1965 the Elementary and Secondary Education Act ESEA increased federal funding for education dramatically o The federal funding for education tells states if you adopts certain criteria we ll give you funding You don t have to adopt those criteria but if you don t you don t get the funding o Most states go along with the federal government and take the money o Local property tax across the country pays for about 2 5 or 40 of school Florida has no instate income tax Where does the state of florida makeup for the lack of state income funding tax Sales tax partly Property taxes property taxes in florida are much higher than other states because no state income tax State funds about half of it then minor federal funds o 46 o 36 o 18 in florida 2013 school year pays 6 786 per stuent k 12 national average is about 10 000 o What effects does having property taxes fund public education have on public education budgets Lack of buoyancy in property taxes Property tax comes from the value of your home and the When does the government or county assess the value of land that you re on your home o Generally when you purchase it One time When the costs of public education start increasing so does inflation Higher costs of teachers textbooks etc o The property tax base does not increase as quickly as the costs of providing the education services o Property taxes are sticky they only change when Trade off between equity and the quality of education people sell their homes If schools funds are based upon property taxes that fund the schools what do you observe in the funding for different school districts o Schools located in counties with high property values have a lot more money to spend on education o Start getting these discrepancies o Instead of the uniform quality of education the rich places get more money than the poor places for education o Quality of schools rich vs poor counties State and federal fund in some ways try to equalize the discrepancy Funding disparity across states o Quality of education o Florida 6700 per pupil It s really hard to get an operational measure of what we mean by quality Policy evaluation how we assess outcomes o We need to have a precise definition of what we mean by what outcomes we re trying to affect o In education this is super tricky Graduation rates students who go to college standardized tests Social skills maintain finance Grit o Problem is these things may be the most important things that we learn through our college experience yet they re the most difficult things to quantify o One of the things that s been difficult is that in the last 20 years the family sizes has gotten smaller and incomes have risen and parents have been involved more in their children s lives and spend more time with them They are shielding their children from any failure from their life When kids don t do so well in college they get discouraged because they don t have their parents to help them Grit learning to take failure and push harder and learn to reach goal o Minority students are expected to perform much more poorly on standardized tests than white student Often because of poor socioeconomic status going in Teaching doesn t help minority students for their specific needs Economic o School quality if you come from a rich family you are almost 100 likely to go to college School quality doesn t matter much Come from a poor background School quality matters tremendously Gender o 60 of college graduates are women o how do we reach out to young men Significant quality gaps Racial Other issues with education quality Can we measure quality through standardized test scores o We have much poorer educational outcomes than other countries of comparable size Average scores in math by state o Alabama is really poor o Massachusetts doing really well United states spends the most besides Switzerland on students 90 000 Since 1995 final spending in the US has increased per student from 8 500 to 11 000 yet graduation rates have stayed the same o What UNESCO education program requires Healthy children Eating adequately in order to stay awake and pay attention Well trained effective teachers Can make up for a myriad of other sins Adequate facilities and equipment Strong curriculum Welcoming environment Clear and accurate assessment of learning Participatory governance and management We have people who are invested and participate in how schools function PTA Engagement with community Effects on students math scores in Dallas o They randomly assigned students to classrooms Population assigned to effective teacher starting in 3rd grade improved their math skills by 76 Vice versa they dropped by 27 Teacher quality in US is much worse than it has been in the past o 1999


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FSU PUP 3002 - Public Policy Cumulative Final Exam notes

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Concepts

Concepts

14 pages

Concepts

Concepts

44 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

100 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

46 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

11 pages

Notes

Notes

2 pages

Concepts

Concepts

34 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

5 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

4 pages

EXAM 1

EXAM 1

9 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

Notes

Notes

7 pages

Exam #2

Exam #2

94 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

38 pages

Exam #3

Exam #3

57 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

57 pages

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