Chapter One Thinking About Communication Communication a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment Main thing researchers agreed on Communication is always changing and always evolving Socially There are no definite beginnings or endings Meaning is created Nonverbal communication 63 97 of most communication point we can disagree even on concrete symbols Concrete Symbols objects things you can see touch Ex Cup chair Abstract things we know exist but are not concrete ex Love hate harmony Original communications model is linear sender receiver Transactional understanding of communication Sender cid 0 receiver Nonverbal and verbal components Message Channel all of the senses and technology Noise things that interfere with the message o Semantic words ex Another language connotations with another meaning i e abortion fuck o Physical ex Fire alarm goes off o Physiological ex Nauseas broken ankle o Psychological thoughts inhibiting communication Feedback responses to communication Field of experience everything you have gone through affects how you receive the message the process now becomes more circular No consideration given to who speaks and who listens Powloauto Group study at Stanford intention does not have to be in place to create communication of some sort Transaction of Comm There are no definite beginnings and endings Communication is continuous and simultaneous All communicators play roles All messages in uence each other Theory fosters critical thinking Even when you are not there you are communicating No one theory will explain a particular thing You will use all di erent theories to gain a better understanding of things phenomena Ethics create a framework in which to make decisions about ethical behaviors National Comm Association s Principles of Ethical Comm Advocate truthfulness accuracy honesty and reason Endorse freedom of expression diversity of perspective and tolerance of dissent Understand and respect other communicators Promote access to communication resources and opportunities Communication climates of caring and mutual understanding Condemn communication that degrades Committed to courageous expression of convictions Advocate sharing info opinions and feelings while respecting privacy and confidentiality Accept responsibility for short and long term consequences of our own communication Why do we study theory Fosters critical thinking skills Aids in understand the scope of research Helps us understand life experiences Essential to becoming aware of who we are and how we function in the world Chapter Two Thinking About the Field Tradition and Context Robert Craig believed separating the study of theory into different traditions would help us understand the complex nature of theory development Rhetorical Tradition focuses on most types of public speaking or public address and their roles in society Include any elements that relate to language and the audience Ex studying the speeches of George Bush in 1988 political campaign Ex Persuasion in public address Ex The effects of emotions on audiences Semiotic Tradition deals with the study of signs and their role in society as the primary focus of meaning creation Common language is created and shared among people CMM is operating from the semiotic tradition How words change as people using them change Ex Dork cid 0 penis changed meaning Multiple meanings of words and how they come about Phenomenological Tradition looks at a message or communicative situation from a personal perspective Works to eliminate biases Ex How people from different backgrounds interpret message Ex How gender impacts communicative style Ex Taking a type of music and having two types of people listen to it recording their interpretations DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS Cybernetic Tradition communication as an information science Information flow How information is relayed through various channels How noise interferes with message understanding processing Ex How technical ability influences communication in computer mediated situations Ex People in the 70 s using Match com vs people in their 20 s using the same site Socio Psychological Tradition seeks to understand the causes of behavior as a result of some aspect of comm Focuses mainly on the underlying relationships between variables that exist and how those variables differ depending on the individual sitation Ex Trying to understand how people are affected in certain situations o You made the football team well your dad was the captain Ex How message construction influences recall of message Ex How entertainment choices influences mood Socio Cultural Tradition how existing shared culture and social structures which are already in place influence communication Advocate for the co creation of social reality to encourage individual points of view Breaking through the established patterns of comm to highlight individual experience in the comm process Ex Studying the development of cliques in schools Ex How FSU orientation leaders influence a sense of spirit among the new freshman students Critical Tradition focuses on the current social order in society and how it negatively impacts society Seeks to expose the underlying beliefs and values within a society that impact decision making and actions Looks at everything as power Challenges what is perceived as negative balances of power Finding the underlying beliefs that impact decision making Ex how consolidation of media ownership impacts entertainment choices Ex Finding examples in everyday life that are anti feminist he vs she and challenging them Contexts the environment in which some type of communication takes place and is limited by The number of people involved Space between those people Type of feedback available Channels of commination that exist within the environment TYPES OF CONTEXTS IntRApersonal communication with oneself How we make sense of ourselves and our actions When we think day dream ponder in our minds IntERpersonal communication with another person usually face to face doesn t have to be How we form and maintain relationships with other Our interactions communication and how we talk to other people Small Group communication with more than one person usually 3 12 5 7 is optimal How a small group forms and functions How they make decisions come up with ideas Organizational communication in and among a larger often extended environment How and organization
View Full Document
Unlocking...