Media Sports and Society Start for Exam 2 Media sports fanship o Benefits of sports fanship Community aspect Competitive aspect Escape from reality diversion Satisfaction feeling good emotion lift joy Social aspect self presentation atmosphere o Multidimensional emotional cognitive behavioral social On a basic human level We have evolutionary and psychological needs that are met through group identification Sea turtles Sports fanship leads to group identification Group Identification An acquired cognitive response within a person experienced emotionally wherein some of the attributes motives characteristics and affective states of another become part of the person s psychological organization such that s he reacts to the events occurring to the other as if they occurred to him her o Humans HAVE to connect with other people What are those needs that lead us to seek out group identification o Belonging and affiliation o Feel a part of a distinctive group o Self image and terror management When our self esteem is low leads to thoughts of our own mortality Group Identification Improves Self Esteem But how do sports meet these needs o Another form of group identification Team identification Team Identification extent to which 1 a person feels a psychological connection to a team athlete and 2 the performances by the team athlete are viewed as self relevant How do we come to acquire group team identification through sports o Socialization The process of learning to live in and understand a culture by internalization its valued beliefs and norms o Four main Socializing agent Family School Friend Peers Community in which we re raised Greatly influenced by family school friends peers and community Those around you But why particular teams athletes o 3 main reasons Psychological environmental and team related Psychological Need for belonging desire to be part of a distinctive group self esteem idiosyncratic self selection basic physiological needs that lead us to like teams o Ex little boy on the playground that convinced people to like that team Environmental GREATEST INFLUENCE ON US o Family friends Single greatest influence 1 is FATHER BROTHER is next o Geographic location o Repeated exposure through media o Direct contact with an athlete We see teams being like us o Stadium Team related Team performance Reputation of the Organization Player team perceived to be similar to fan Hated Rival Participants competitors and outcome Emotional Affiliation Happier when team wins if you re a huge fan over someone who s indifferent Max Enjoyment Team you love wins over team you hate Max Disappointment Opposite Disposition theory of sports spectatorship tries to define and explain the process of enjoying a LIVE sporting event Theory suggests TWO major factors o Teams participants involved emotional connections disposition o If they win or not THE OUTCOME We seek out sports from enjoyment We feel for the teams Identification Group Psychological connection The only way to feel that joy is through identification o Why are we fans of particular teams Sports Viewing appeal and effects o ENJOYMENT Feeling of pleasure Enjoyment is on a continuum disappointment out of this world pleasure Emotional Responses Appeal of sports arousal self esteem and escape o Arousal Change in psychological response to stimuli nervous system Ex Biking and car almost hits you get nervous Sports can change central nervous system Game gets really tight fast heart rate anxious Same hormone as sexual desire Sports influences our bodies 12 like that feeling Rollercoaster Up and down scoring and leading Announcers Say competitors hate each other more intense than announcer saying competitors are friends o Self esteem Escape escape boredom stress o Birging Basking in Reflective Glory Sports viewing appeal and effects Cognitive appeal of sports o Learning o Aesthetics Behavioral appeal of sports o Release cheering yelling hyped up o Companionship and group affiliation o Family o Economics bet on How do Sports get on TV Must have the right to air it Four MAJOR ways networks get the rights o Purchase them rights contracts Rights contracts Overwhelmingly most common model Network pays contracted amount to the owners organizers for exclusive rights to a set number of games events over a set period of time o Ex of owners organizers NFL NBA IOC International Olympic committee Augusta National Golf League The Masters o Networks hope to recoup cost through o These days broadcasting rights often include advertising digital media o Share them o Pros cons of this model partnerships revenue sharing Initial production and promotion covered by network No contracted amount Network and owners organizers agree to split revenue Partnership between the league and the network NBC as pioneered this approach NHL XFL Pros cons of this model o Own them in the 1 st place Owned programming Network is the owner organizer no no rights fees need to be Network pays for everything but they also keep all the ad paid profits Ex ESPN and the X Games NESN and the Boston Red Sox both owned primarily by the Fenway Sports Group o Pros Cons If you own a bad team Good product Good Team The money you make is yours o Sell TV time to the rights owner Time buys Time buys Owner Organizer buys as many hours as necessary on Owner Organizer responsible for everything including Network pays for nothing but maintains some control over Ex Ironman Triathlon organized by Timex historically network to air event production and ad sales final product aired on NBC o Pros cons Network is guaranteed money Selecting is more strategic Negative You have to do all the work o Earliest days No rights agreements Paid for by broadcasters Mostly experimental Can we do this First telecast May 17th 1939 Princeton vs Columbia baseball game First MLB August 26th 1939 Reds vs Dodgers History of Sports Rights Contracts Post WWII Begin increase in TV adoption in US 1950 in 9 of US HH 1965 65 1960 nearing 90 Sports dominated early primetime o Few cameras no scripts no actors to pay rights deals were small or nonexistent networks 1944 NBC s Gillette Cavalcade of Sports 1948 nearly 25 of all PT programming was sports across 4 Huge tech advancement 1951 AT T finishes coast to coast coaxial cable microwave repeater network o HISTORY OF SPORTS RIGHTS CONTRACTS o DuMont Network early sports TV pioneer Moved toward spot advertising First live coast to coast NFL telecast for NFL championship game in 1951 75 000 for