FSU BSC 2086 - The Reproductive System: Part 1
Type Lecture Slides
Pages 70

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BSC 2086 01 Anatomy and Physiology II Spring 2013 21 The Reproductive System Part 1 2012 Pearson Education Inc An Introduction to the Reproductive System Learning Outcomes 28 1 List the basic components of the human reproductive system and summarize the functions of each 28 2 Describe the components of the male reproductive system and the roles played by the reproductive tract and accessory glands in producing spermatozoa specify the composition of semen and summarize the hormonal mechanisms that regulate male reproductive functions 2012 Pearson Education Inc An Introduction to the Reproductive System The Reproductive System Is the only system that is not essential to the life of the individual Reproductive Structures Gonads are organs that produce gametes and hormones Ducts receive and transport gametes Accessory glands secrete fluids into ducts Perineal structures collectively known as external genitalia 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 1 Structures of the Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems Are functionally different Secrete hormones that play major roles in the maintenance of normal sexual function Produce and store specialized reproductive cells that combine to form new individuals Female produces one gamete per month Retains and nurtures zygote formed after fertilization Male produces large quantities of gametes Produces 1 2 billion sperm per day 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 1 Structures of the Reproductive System The Male Reproductive System Testes or male gonads Secrete male sex hormones androgens Produce male gametes spermatozoa or sperm Accessory Organs secrete fluids into ejaculatory ducts and urethra Seminal glands vesicles Prostate gland Bulbo urethral glands 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions External Genitalia Penis Erectile organ containing distal portion of urethra Scrotum Encloses testes Has two chambers or scrotal cavities Each testis lies in a separate scrotal chamber Raphe a raised thickening in scrotal surface Marks partition of two scrotal chambers 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions The Dartos Muscle Is a layer of smooth muscle in dermis of scrotum Resting muscle tone causes characteristic wrinkling of scrotal surface elevates testes The Cremaster Muscle layer of skeletal muscle deep to dermis Can contract or relax move scrotum Contraction tenses scrotum and pulls testes closer to body occurs during temperature regulation sexual arousal Normal sperm development in testes requires temperatures 1 1C 2F lower than body temperature 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions The Spermatic Cords Extend between abdominopelvic cavity and testes Consist of layers of fascia and muscle Enclose ductus deferens blood vessels nerves and lymphatic vessels of testes Pass into the scrotum through the inguinal canal Are passageways through abdominal musculature Form during development as testes descend into scrotum Cryptorchidism testes do not descend into scrotum remain in abdomen May cause sterility testicular cancer 2012 Pearson Education Inc Figure 28 1 The Male Reproductive System Urinary bladder Pubic symphysis Prostatic urethra Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum Spongy urethra Ductus deferens Penis Epididymis Testis External urethral orifice Scrotum 2012 Pearson Education Inc Figure 28 3 The Male Reproductive System in Anterior View Urinary bladder Inguinal canal Spermatic cord Genitofemoral nerve Deferential artery Ductus deferens Pampiniform plexus Testicular artery Epididymis Scrotal cavity Testis covered by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis inner lining of cremaster facing scrotal cavity 2012 Pearson Education Inc Figure 28 3 The Male Reproductive System in Anterior View 2012 Pearson Education Inc Testicular artery Testicular vein Penis Inguinal ligament Superficial inguinal ring Spermatic cord Scrotal septum Cremaster muscle with cremasteric fascia Superficial scrotal fascia Dartos muscle Scrotal skin cut Raphe 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions Male Inguinal Hernias Are protrusions of visceral tissues into inguinal canal Spermatic cord causes weak point in abdominal wall Common in males not common in females because Abdominal wall nearly intact in females Female inguinal canals are very small contain ilioinguinal nerves and round ligaments of uterus 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions Histology of the Testes Septa subdivide testis into lobules Lobules contain about 800 slender and tightly coiled seminiferous tubules Produce sperm Each testis contains about 1 2 mile of tightly coiled seminiferous tubules Form a loop connected to rete testis a network of passageways that connects to the epididymis 2012 Pearson Education Inc Mediastinum of testis Rete testis Straight tubule Seminiferous tubules Septa Septa Lobule Raphe Figure 28 4a The Structure of the Testes Scrotum Ductus deferens Epididymis Efferent ductule Skin Dartos muscle Superficial scrotal fascia Cremaster muscle Tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea Scrotal cavity A transverse section of the scrotum and testes 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions Connective Tissue Capsules Surround seminiferous tubules Within those spaces there are Blood vessels Large interstitial cells Leydig cells Produce androgens dominant male sex hormones Testosterone is the most important androgen 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions Meiosis Is a special form of cell division involved only in production of gametes Spermatozoa in males Oocytes in females amount 46 chromosomes Gametes contain 23 chromosomes half the normal Fusion of male and female gametes produces zygote with In males occurs at seminiferous tubules Begins with primary spermatocytes Produces spermatids undifferentiated male gametes 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions Meiosis I also known as reductional division since number of chromosomes is halved from 46 to 23 Prophase I Chromosomes condense Synapsis Maternal paternal chromosomes come together forms a tetrad Crossing over exchange of genetic material that increases genetic variation among offspring occurs Metaphase I Tetrads line up along metaphase plate 2012 Pearson Education Inc 28 2 Male Reproductive Functions Meiosis I Anaphase I Telophase I 2012 Pearson Education Inc Maternal and paternal chromosomes separate each tetrad splits maternal paternal components are randomly distributed to the daughter cell


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FSU BSC 2086 - The Reproductive System: Part 1

Type: Lecture Slides
Pages: 70
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