GEA1000 John Fradel Africa Middle East Study Guide GEA1000 Study Guide Page 1 AFRICA AFRICA Key Terms Whole continent is a large plateau mostly desert sandy terrain Most of sub Saharan Africa lies on plateaus marked by escarpments or faults resulting in landmasses of different elevation Lowlands and plains border Atlantic and Indian Oceans Atlas Mountains by Algeria Tallest Mountain is Mt Kilimanjaro Drakensberg range found in South Africa Great Rift Valley stretches from South West Asia to Southern Africa valley has rich volcanic soil god for agriculture Largest lake Lake Victoria 4 large River systems Nile Congo Niger Orange and Zambezi home to Victoria Falls Oil Principle export for countries along Atlantic Coast Large deposits of Gold and Diamonds also found in Africa Sahara Desert Largest in the world most of Northern Half of Africa Namib Desert Near Southwest coast of Africa Kalahari Desert Central South Africa GEA1000 Study Guide Page 2 African Physical Geography Map GEA1000 Study Guide Page 3 African Countries Cities GEA1000 Study Guide Page 4 South Africa o Capital Johannesburg o Kimberly Diamond Capital o Other Important Cities Cape Town Durban Pretoria o Lots of gold deposits Home of 2 Ancient Wonders Lighthouse of Alexandria and Library of Alexandria Nigeria o Capital Abuja o Primate city is Lagos o Most Africans are Nigerian Egypt o Capital Cairo o Alexandria Cote d Ivoire o Capital Yamoussoukro o Main export is Cocoa Beans Uganda o Capital Kampala o Home to the Silverback Gorillas Sudan o Capital Khartoum South Sudan o Capital Juba Ethiopia o Capital Addis Ababa GEA1000 Study Guide Page 5 GEA1000 Study Guide Page 6 GEA1000 Study Guide Page 7 Cairo o Great Pyramids o The Sphinx Alexandria Africa Pictures for Test o Center of Learning Library of Alexandria o Citadel of Alexandria o Lighthouse of Alexandria Suez Canal Physical Feature o Suez Canal Cape town o Skyline of Capetown o Tabletop Mountain Cape of Good Hope Physical Feature o Cape of Good Hope Johannesburg o GOLD Kimberly o Diamond Center Gibraltar o Rock of Gibraltar GEA1000 Study Guide Page 8 Mt Kilimanjaro Physical Feature o Mt Kilimanjaro Uganda o Gorillas Madagascar o Lemurs Yamoussoukro o Cocoa trees Middle East Key Terms Irredentism belief that if an ethnic group ruled a land in the past it should have rights to it now Rent tier State A state who s GDP comes primarily from selling its resources to other countries or private company Zagros Mountains and Taurus Mountains converge to outline two specific landmasses Zagros form southern border of Iran and Taurus form Southern border of Turkey Iran is on a plateau historically home to people called Persians Taurus Mountains on south edge and Pontic Mountains on north edge of Turkey creates Anatolia Peninsula El Farot aka Euphrates and Tigris Most important rivers in the region GEA1000 Study Guide Page 9 Euphrates into Persian Gulf Mesopotamia Earliest civilization founded between Tigris and Shatt el Arab Confluence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers discharges Dead Sea hyper saline lake lowest elevation body of water in the world Jordan River Connects Dead Sea to the south to Sea of Galilee to the North Caspian Sea Low lying body of water lots of natural oil deposits Arabian or Persian Gulf Home of Arab racial group Islam A major world religion and popular in Middle East and Central Asia Two schools include Sunni and Shia GEA1000 Study Guide Page 10 Middle Eastern Countries Kazakhstan o Capital Astana o Almaty Largest city and former capital o Space Center Baykhonur Cosmodrome o Borders Aral Sea Tajikistan o Capital Dushanbe Kyrgyzstan o Capital Bishkek Uzbekistan o Capital Tashkent Tashkent considered capital of Central Asia o Samarkand Old Capital and Center of trade o Intersection of the Silk Road and India Russia Road at Samarkand o Twice the population of Kazakhstan o No oil or natural resources o Overused the Amu Darya River Turkmenistan o Capital Ashgabat o Mostly desert o Tobacco is biggest export Afghanistan o Capital Kabul o Khaduhar Capital of Patan tribe o Graveyard of Empires o Land is mostly Hindu Kush Mountains o Khyber Pass only opening in Hindu Kush strategic point o Patriarchal society People put family or tribe before Iran country o Diverse ethnic and religious group o Capital Tehran o Radical Shia population in Mashhad GEA1000 Study Guide Page 11 o Esfahan Tourism steel capital center of nuclear science o Tabriz Persian Carpet capital Pistachios largest Bazaar o Shiraz City of Roses Dark purple wine o People are Persian and Aryan o Lots of Natural Gas o Currently enriching uranium source of international conflict o Kavir Desert o Majority of population is Shia Muslim o Shah Right winged dictator o Straits of Hormuz Gateway for most of the world s oil o Capital Baghdad o Two ethnic and religious groups Arab Kurd Sunni Shia o Silk Road crosses Tigris at Mosul o Large Amounts of Oil in Al Basrah o Capital Ankara o Primate City Istanbul o Lies on Anatolian Plateau o Mt Ararat likely landing spot of Noah s Arc o Capital Nicosia o Racially Greek o Island divided between Turks and Greeks with wall dividing Iraq Turkey Cyprus island Syria o Capital Damascus o Largest city is Aleppo o 1 enemy of Israel o Member of Shia Crescent with Iraq and Iran Lebanon Jordan o Capital Beirut o Capital Amman o Petra City carved into a mountain Yemen GEA1000 Study Guide Page 12 o Capital Sanna o Primate city Aden o Capital Kuwait City Kuwait Bahrain o Capital Manama United Arab Emirates o Capital Abu Dhabi o Largest city Dubai Oman o Capital Muscat o Incense capital of the world Saudi Arabia o Capital Riyadh o Mecca Birthplace of the Muslim prophet Muhammad o Jeddah 2nd largest City Israel o Capital Jerusalem unofficially o Tel Aviv 2 city and is officially the capital of Israel o Jews persecuted for hundreds of years returned from Europe when Hitler was in power o Zionism Belief that Jews should have a homeland in the o Important Cities Jerusalem Haifa Ramallah Nazareth Middle East Bethlehem GEA1000 Study Guide Page 13 Israel Map GEA1000 Study Guide Page 14 Middle East Testable Pictures Ashgabat Turkmenistan o Neutrality Arch o Wheat Museum o Kipchak Mosque Samarkand Uzbezistan o Registan Tehran Iran o Azadi Tower o US Embassy Anti American Art Mashhad Iran GEA1000 Study Guide Page 15 o Saffron Shiraz Iran o Shiraz wine and roses Tabriz Iran o Bazaar o Persian Carpet Baghdad Iraq o Ishtar Gate Basra Iraq o Marshes Mosul Iraq o Gates of Nineveh Kirkuk Iraq o Oil