Unformatted text preview:

Exam 1 Study Guide BSC2085 Anatomy Physiology 2 Lesson 1 1 What is the difference between the afferent division and the efferent division of the nervous system Which involves the sensory pathway Which involves the motor pathway What are their components Afferent Division o Receptors detects the stimuli Specialized cells that monitor specific conditions in the body or external environment When stimulated a receptor passes information to the CNS in the form of action potentials along the axon of a sensory neuron o Sensory neurons relays the information down their axons o Sensory pathways nerves nuclei and tracts that deliver sensory information to the CNS Deliver somatic and visceral sensory information to their final destinations inside the CNS using Nerves axon bundles in the PNS Nuclei cell bodies located in the CNS Tracts axon bundles in the CNS Controls peripheral effectors motor neurons and pathways that o Nuclei contains the cell bodies of motor neurons o Motor tracts and nerves carries commands to effectors muscles and glands Travel from motor centers in the brain along somatic motor pathways of Motor nuclei tracts axons in the CNS central nervous system nerves axons in the PNS peripheral nervous system Efferent Division control skeletal muscles 2 What are the 6 general senses What are the five special senses Why is receptor specificity important to the detection of a specific stimulus What does that have to do with labeled lines in the nervous system General Senses o Temperature o Pain o Touch o Pressure o Vibration o Proprioception monitors the position and movements of skeletal muscles and joints Special Senses as the eye or ear are protected by surrounding tissues Are provided by special sensory receptors located in sense organs such o Olfaction smell o Vision sight o Gustation taste o Equilibrium balance o Hearing Receptor specificity your eyes do not hear etc Receptive field o Each receptor has a characteristic sensitivity your hands do not smell nor taste Labeled Lines o Area is monitored by a single receptor cell o The larger the receptive field the more difficult it is to localize a stimulus o Arriving stimulus reaches cortical neurons via labeled line link between receptor and cortical neuron o Each labeled line carries info about one form which involves specificity Physical force such as pressure Dissolved chemical Sound Light 3 What is the difference between sensation and perception If a receptor has a large receptive field is it easier or harder to localize a stimulus What if the receptor has a small receptive field Sensation Taste hearing equilibrium and vision provided by specialized receptor cells The arriving information from these senses Perception Conscious awareness of a sensation o Your perception of the nature of that stimulus depends on the path it takes inside the CNS The larger the receptive field the more difficult it is to localize a stimulus therefore the smaller the receptive field the easier it is to localize a stimulus fingertips lips etc 4 What is adaptation and how are tonic and phasic receptors involved What is the difference between central adaptation and peripheral adaptation Adaptation o Reduction in sensitivity of a constant stimulus o Your nervous system quickly adapts to stimuli that are painless and constant o Ex New smells rings earrings Tonic Receptors o Are always active o Show little peripheral adaptation o Are slow adapting receptors Ex Pain receptors nociceptors remind you of an injury long after the initial damage has occurred Phasic Receptors o Are normally inactive o Become active for a short time whenever a change occurs o Are fast adapting receptors o Provide information about the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus Ex Thermoreceptors detect rapid changes in temp Central Adaptation book definition o Adaptation also occurs along sensory pathways inside the CNS For example a few seconds after you have been exposed to a new smell awareness of the stimulus virtually disappears although the sensory neurons are still quite active This process is known as central adaptation Central adaptation generally involves the inhibition of nuclei along a sensory pathway Peripheral Adaptation book definition o Peripheral adaptation reduces the amount of information that reaches the CNS Central adaptation at the subconscious level further restricts the amount of detail that arrives at the cerebral cortex Most of the incoming sensory information is processed in centers along the spinal cord or brain stem at the subconscious level Although this processing can produce reflexive motor responses we are seldom consciously aware of either the stimuli or the responses 5 What are the four types of sensory receptors What is the difference between the pain information sent by type A fibers and type C fibers Sensory Receptors o Nociceptors pain receptor common In the superficial portions of the skin In joint capsules Within the periostea of bones Around the walls of blood vessels Analgesia inability to feel pain Hyperalgesia increased sensitivity to pain Sensitive to Temperature extremes Mechanical damage Dissolved chemicals such as chemicals released by injured cells Are free nerve endings with Large receptive fields Branching tips of dendrites Not protected by accessory structures Can be stimulated by many different stimuli o Thermoreceptors temperature receptor Are free nerve endings located in The dermis Skeletal muscles The liver The hypothalamus Temperature sensations Conducted along the same pathways that carry pain sensations sent to The reticular formation The thalamus The primary sensory cortex to a lesser extent o Mechanoreceptors physical distortion Sensitive to stimuli that distort their plasma membranes Contain mechanically gated ion channels whose gates open or close in response to Stretching Compression Twisting Other distortions of the membrane o Baroreceptors Proprioceptors o Detect pressure changes in the walls of blood vessels and in portions of the digestive reproductive and urinary tracts o Monitor the positions of joints and muscles o The most structurally and functionally complex of general sensory receptors o Chemoreceptors chemical concentration Respond only to water soluble and lipid soluble substances dissolved in surrounding fluid Receptors exhibit peripheral adaptation over period of seconds Central adaptation may also occur Receptors that monitor pH carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in arterial blood are located in


View Full Document

FSU BSC 2086 - Exam 1

Documents in this Course
Notes

Notes

30 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

1 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

2 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

29 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

5 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

20 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

5 pages

BLOOD

BLOOD

24 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

35 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

5 pages

Exam 5

Exam 5

65 pages

Exam 5

Exam 5

70 pages

The Heart

The Heart

142 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

23 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

31 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

31 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

30 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

33 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

34 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

23 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

13 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

10 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

14 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

19 pages

Exam #4

Exam #4

21 pages

Exam #1

Exam #1

20 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

26 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

26 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

26 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

9 pages

Exam 5

Exam 5

65 pages

Load more
Download Exam 1
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Exam 1 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Exam 1 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?