10 26 2010 Immigration I Three Waves of Immigration A Formative Wave 1607 1820 Mostly English colonists arriving in 13 colonies Voluntary or displaced for religious reasons German immigrants Slaves arrive B First Wave Immigration 1820 1880 More Germans arrive in U S The other main group are Irish Rise of Nativism Backlash against immigration Chinese arrive because of Gold Rush and stayed to help build railroads Ends because immigration laws are passed to halt Chinese immigration C Second Wave Immigration 1880 1920 Ellis Island Eastern Europeans Poland Hungary Russia Baltic and Italians First large numbers of Mexicans arrive Ends because of a new set of immigration laws II Why Did They Come Types of Migration Voluntary Race Ethnicity Immigration Forced Economic Labor Displaced Persons Push and Pull Factors Push Factors that made you leave the area Pull Factors that draw you III Patterns of Adaptation and Adoption Assimilation WASP s believed immigrants should give up their culture and traditions and be like them Acculturation When each group takes from each others culture and mixes IV Philosophies on Race and Ethnicity Anglo Conformity Idea put forth by WASP s that immigrants must adopt white culture Melting Pot Ideal Similar to acculturation Everyone contributes to the American whole Cultural Pluralism Each group should remain separate The English I Who are the English 10 26 2010 A What exactly is a W A S P White Anglo Saxon Protestant B Other Colonial Ventures French End up in Canada Wanted to get rich for fur trade Dutch Founded New Amsterdam Traded with Indians Spanish Searched for gold and silver C Three Great Migrations 1st Migration 1629 1640 Puritans trying to get away from Church of England Pilgrims were first Puritans who landed at the New World Founding of Boston MASS Slavery is not widely spread because big crops could not be grown due the cold and rocky soil Massachusetts economy becomes diverse Fishing Industry Ship building Cold keeps disease down by killing mosquito born illnesses Life expectancy was 20 years longer Idea of Church was not that of the Church of England Race Ethnicity Immigration John Winthrop Minister and governor of the colony Gave sermon called a Model of Christian Charity Theocracy The church and state are one in ruling the area Laws of Massachusetts reflect Biblical principals 2nd Migration 1641 1672 Takes place in the Chesapeake Bay region of the world Most people who migrate are from London Growing tobacco Maryland established to let people practice Catholicism Climate in Virginia had longer growing season and soil was good for growing crops Cash crops become available in Virginia Diseases are present Malaria and Yellow Fever Fights throughout the 1600 s for control of the land Virginia was first settled by a joint stock company Jamestown founded in 1607 on peninsula off coast of Virginia Rough few years didn t know what crops could grow led to cannibalism plants Discovery of Tobacco Every vacant area was filled with Tobacco Rush to Jamestown in 1640 s due to the fact that they could make a lot of money selling tobacco economy is poor Coming to America is a way of escaping violence in England and 85 of those who go to Virginia will be indentured servants 15 are the sons of Aristocrats 1st born sons inherit everything 2nd and 3rd born sons go to Virginia to buy land and try to get rich growing Race Ethnicity Immigration tobacco work till they were 24 their contract place sons of rich planters Slave How much 1650 Virginia passed law saying indentured servants had to Indentured Servants were going to be given land at the end of 6 1 of males to females in 1640 25 of those born in Virginia did not reach 20th birthday deadly Virginia planters founded College of William and Mary setup for Literacy rate is pretty low setting apart from Massachusetts 2 separations in social hierarchy White and Free vs Black and money you have if you are white 3rd Migration 1675 1725 Pennsylvania and New Jersey English and German Quakers come By 1700 over 200 000 English Middle Colonies New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Delaware Very fertile soil cold enough to kill mosquitoes English took New Amsterdam from Dutch and renamed to New York New Jersey Duke of York gave New Jersey to two of his friends William Penn Quaker brought in to mediate feud between the 2 people about New Jersey Penn was owed money by King of England asked for land West of Quakers move to Pennsylvania Penn founds Philadelphia Pennsylvania supports Ethnic Pluralism Power Societal Structure Freedom 10 26 2010 Puritans Power o The town was more important than a family unit o If you owned land you could hold office and vote o Selectmen Town councils were elected by community to make important decisions o Town hall meetings held by selectmen to hear out problems and selectmen would make final decision o Covenant Laws that were actually written down on paper o Middle class society o Societal structure is not based on money Don t want people with noble titles to live in New England Also don t want really poor people Societal Structure Freedom o Ordered Liberty liberty for the entire group was more important than individual liberty Individuals give up some personal liberties for the good of the group o Based government on counties o Land was broken up into counties around a church o Oligarchies small group runs a government within each county o Richest people in county o First colonial legislature o Must own land to serve in legislature o Folkways cultural differences between groups Societal Structure o Rigid Hierarchical Structure o Deference where you show respect and honor to someone who is higher than you Virginians Power Freedom Quakers Power whites Puritans Race Ethnicity Immigration o Believe in liberty as long as slavery is still ok liberty for o Combine county government of Virginians with theocracy of o 5 election cycles each year o the Church helped to make government decisions o Limited Government government should have very limited influence in people s lives o Pennsylvania had least amount of laws than any colonies and least amount of taxes Societal Structure o Everyone was a friend Did not call them by their titles o Believed in equality o Radical Structure Stratification but as one whole people Freedom o Individual liberty should be given to everyone regardless of o Freedom of religion protection of personal property right to o First abolitionist group believed slaves should get these rights
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