Suite of Traits- Arboreal adaptation- Dietary plasticity(relatively)- Parental investment (K-selected)- Stereoscopic Vision (binocular, convergent)- Opposable thumbs (opposable hallux)- Reduced number of teeth- Fingernails- Enclosed eye orbits (partially or fully)Tree Shrews- Order: Scandentia- Family: Tupaiidae- Shares 28 primate specific genes- Tree shrews have highest brain to body ratio of all living mammals (including us)- Looks like plesiadapiforms (Paleocene 66-67 MYBP, proprimates)- Dichromatic vision (red-green color-blind)- Semi-nocturnal- OmvioresOrder: Primates- Suborder:- Prosimianso Lorisiformes, Lemuriformes, Tarsiiforms- AnthropoidsSuborder: Prosimian- Infraordero Lorisiformeso Lemuriformeso TarsiiformsSuborder: Strepsirrhines- Infraordero Lorisiformes Family- Lorisidae- GalgidaeInfraorder: Platyrrhini- New world monkeys- Superfamily: Ceboideao Dental formula 2:1:3:3o Bilophodont molars- Family: Cebidae (Cebids)o Callitrichids (marmosets and tamrins), Cebus (capuchin), Samiri (squirrel monkeys)- Family: Atelidae (Atelids)o Genera: Alouatta (howler), Ateles (spider monkeys), Aotes (owl monkeys), Brachyteles (muriqui)o Prehensile tailsInfraorder: Catarrhini- Old world monkeys and apes (cercopithicoids, hominoids)o Dental formula 2:1:2:3- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea (cercopithicoids) old world monkeyso Bilophodont molars- Subfamily: Colobinae (colobines)o Genera: Colobus, Semnopithecus (hanuman langurs), Tracypithecus (langurs)- Subfamily: Cercopithecinae (cercopithicines)Superfamily: Hominidae (hominoid)- Family: Hylobatidae (lesser apes)o Genus: Hylobates (gibbons and siamangs)- Family: Hominidae (hominid – great apes)o Subfamily: Ponginae Genus: Pongo (orangutans)3o Subfamily: Gorilline Genus: Gorilla (gorillas)o Subfamily: Hominine (chimpanzees and humans) Tribe: Panin- Genus: Pan (troglodytes common chimpanzee, paniscus bonobo) Tribe: Hominin- Genus: Ardipithecus (ramidus, kadabba)- Genus: Australopithecus (australopithecines) (afrensis, africanus, garhi)- Genus: Homo (habilis, erectus, sapiens, neandertalensis, floresiensis)Euprimates origins Hypothesis- Arboreal hypothesiso Grasping extremities, enhanced vision Fine branch niche- Visual predation hypothesiso Grasping extremities, ehanced vision- Angiosperm radiation hypothesiso Explains tacticle pads on hands (problem: Flowering plants and fruits exists 30+ millions earlier)Does not need to be only one correct theoryPaleocene (66-67 MYBP)Plesiadapiforms- Order: Proprimates- Grasping hands and feet (not opposable)- Nails (and claws)- No postorbital bar- Specialized dentition- At least 75 species identified - Found in North America, Europe and AsiaEocene (56-34 MYBP)- Eurprimates “true primates”o Nails (sometimes)o Binocular visiono Tactile padso Opposable digitso Larger craniao