Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesExample 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesExample 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesExample 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesExample 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesExample 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesCharacteristics of Oxidation–Reduction Reactions (MOD)Slide 8An IntroductionPermanganate as a Strong Oxidizing AgentPermanganate as a Strong Oxidizing Agent (continued)Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesAssign oxidation states to all atoms in the following:Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesAssign oxidation states to all atoms in the following:Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesAssign oxidation states to all atoms in the following:Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesAssign oxidation states to all atoms in the following:Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesAssign oxidation states to all atoms in the following:Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Example 4.16 - Assigning Oxidation StatesAssign oxidation states to all atoms in the following:Section 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Characteristics of Oxidation–Reduction Reactions (MOD)Oxidation–reduction reactions are characterized by a transfer of electronsOxidation:Oxidation state becomes more positive Characterized by loss of electrons Oxidizing agent: Reactant that is reduced Reduction:Oxidation state becomes more negative Characterized by gain of electrons Reducing agent: Reactant that is oxidizedSection 4.9Oxidation–Reduction ReactionsCopyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Figure 4.20 - Summary of an Oxidation–Reduction Process, in Which M Is Oxidized and X Is ReducedSection 4.11Simple Oxidation–Reduction Titrations Copyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.An Introduction Oxidation–reduction reactions can also be used for volumetric analytical proceduresFrequently used oxidizing agents include aqueous solutions of:Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)Section 4.11Simple Oxidation–Reduction Titrations Copyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Permanganate as a Strong Oxidizing Agent Permanganate has the advantage of being its own indicatorMnO4– ion is intensely purple, and the Mn2+ ion is almost colorlessSolution remains colorless as long as some reducing agent remains in the solution being titratedSection 4.11Simple Oxidation–Reduction Titrations Copyright ©2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Permanganate as a Strong Oxidizing Agent (continued)When all the reducing agent has been consumed, the next drop of permanganate titrant will turn the solution being titrated light purpleEndpoint occurs approximately one drop beyond the stoichiometric