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1GE EnergyWind Plant Systems• Grid Integration• Plant and Turbine CtlControls• SCADAMahesh MorjariaM WidPl tS t PltfAdopted forWind Power Management classhttp://www icaen uiowa edu/~ie 155/Manager, Wind Plant Systems Platformhttp://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/ ie_155/by Andrew KusiakIntelligent Systems Laboratory2139 Seamans CenterThe University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 – [email protected]: 319-335-5934 Fax: 319-335-5669http://www.icaen.uiowa.edu/~ankusiakAgenda• Grid Friendly Wind Planty• Wind Plant Controls• SCADA System2 Does not trip during Faults and other System Disturbances … ride through capabilityRegulates Plant Voltage and PowerWhat makes a Wind Plant “Grid Friendly”? Regulates Plant Voltage and Power Limits the Rate of Change of Power from Variations in Wind Speed … Ramp Rate Control Reacts to Changes in Grid Frequency … Frequency DroopCtlthI ti dR lfL PControls the Insertion and Removal of Large Power Blocks … Startup and Shutdown Control Provides Reactive Power When Needed … Wind Free Reactive PowerGE's Standard WindRIDE-THRU Offerings 406080100120tage at Point of onnection (Percent)LVRTZVRTGrid Fault ToleranceLow Voltage Ride Through> Required by grid codes>Improves gearbox life02040-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0Time (seconds)VoltInterco200 ms >Improves gearbox lifeZero Voltage Ride Through> Required by FERC after 12/31/07> New controls for unbalanced faults> GE 1.5 and 2.5 will complyFault Recovery0.90.81.01.2us Voltage (pu)Voltage recovery of the wind farm is betterMahesh Morjaria #4March 3, 2009Unbalanced line-to-line faultXFault Recovery> Voltage recovery better than conventional generator15 20 250.00.20.40.6Transmission Bus 050100150200250Total Plant Power (MW)Synchronous Generator swings dramaticallyTime (seconds)GenXGrid3Low Voltage Ride Through CapabilityLow voltage ride through(LVRT) is a turbine capabilityLow voltage ride through(LVRT) is a turbine capabilitywhen the voltage in the grid drops due to a fault or load change in the grid. The severity of the voltage dip is defined by the voltage level during the dip (may go down to zero) and the duration of the dip.Depending on the application the device may, during and after the dip, be required to:Disconnect temporarily from the grid but reconnect and continueMahesh Morjaria #5March 3, 2009Disconnect temporarily from the grid, but reconnect and continue operation after the dip Stay operational and not disconnect from the grid Stay connected and support the grid with reactive powerPower DroopWhen circuit activity changes abruptly it can cause a sudden dropWhen circuit activity changes abruptly, it can cause a sudden drop or rise in power supply voltage. This change is known as power droop and is an instance of power supply noise. Power droop can cause an IC to fail. Such failures should be screened during testing Evaluation of the worst-case power drop by accumulating the high- and low-frequency effects.Mahesh Morjaria #6March 3, 20094Voltage at POIVoltage RegulationActual measurements from a 162MW wind plant• Regulates Grid Voltage at Point of InterconnectionAverage Wind SpeedWind Plant Power OutputWind Plant Voltage• Minimizes Grid Voltage Fluctuations Even Under Varying Wind Conditions GeneratorMainTransformer45 mi.34.5kVPOI Wind TurbinekWkVAR230kVSubstationMahesh Morjaria #7March 3, 2009Average Wind SpeedVoltage RegulationLike A Conventional Power PlantTransformerConverterControlWFMSkWkVARActive Power ControlsTypical Grid RequirementsR0.6000.8001.0001.200Curtailment ExampleTurbines>Ramp rates> Power curtailment> Power droop w/ frequencyPower Droop Test0.0000.2000.400Available PowerActual PowerShutdown Ramp Test2% Frequency Increase Mahesh Morjaria #8March 3, 2009Power (kW)Power Ramping Down Turbines Transitioning Offline50% Power Reduction Power (kW)Frequency (Hz)5WindFREE Reactive Power• Wind Turbine converter can deliver reactive power (kVAR) without wind (kW)• Benefits weak grids and systems with high wind penetration• Voltage support continues without active power generation … even following tripsMahesh Morjaria #9March 3, 2009Reactive Power - even without windAgenda• Grid Friendly Wind Planty• Wind Plant Controls• SCADA System6Wind Plant SCADA System• Real-time operational control of each turbine & complete Wind Plant• Historical data base with comprehensive reporting system including Production and Wind reports•Secure UserAccessMahesh Morjaria #11March 3, 2009•Secure User-Access, intuitive Operation & Maintenance toolTools to operate, maintain and manage the wind plantRM&DRCCTurbinesVP 2.xTurbine ControlB h PLC & PCVP 2.xWind Plant Systems Key ComponentsWindSCADAEthernet NetworkCustomer SystemOPCODBCWindCONTROLTM• Plant Level Control• Grid Mgmt• Plant Optimization• Intermittency Mgmt• Real Time Viewer• Reporting SystemRtA•Bachmann PLC & PC• Controller S/W•VisuPro S/WMahesh Morjaria #12March 3, 2009SubstationMet MastRemote User•Remote Access• Web-based SCADA• Replace PC• MkVIe Platform7Plant Level SCADA SystemMahesh Morjaria #13March 3, 2009Plant Level SCADA SystemMahesh Morjaria #14March 3, 200983.X Reporting System – Advanced ReportsNext Gen Reporting Higher level processing … actionable information Web based Reporting Scheduled Reports Multiple Language CblTabular listing of park efficiency variables with units in column headersPark Efficiency Report Sample Ver 1.v sdCapablePark Efficiency ReportMahesh Morjaria #15March 3, 2009Pareto chart of trip eventsProvides trip counts, outage duration and lost energyOperational Reports• Operational Data• Meter Reading• Plant Efficiency• UPE Due to Curtailment• PerformanceWeb Based Reporting System – Available ReportsTime period of reportScatter plot of actual power versus reference powerData points for power curve are segmented into bins. The bins are organized in 0.5 m/s increments with the center point in the Bin column. For example, the first bin is 1.75 – 2.25 m/s.•Grid• Power Curve Line Plot• Power Curve Line Plot Comparison• Power Curve Scatter Plot• Power Curve Scatter Plot (Min/Max)• Wind Speed DistributionMaintenance Reports• Historian Data Coverage• Event Log• Event ParetoWind speed (m/s) of data pointPower (kW) of data pointSite reference power (kW) for that wind turbine at that bin wind speed.Minimum 10-minute averaged power (kW) for the data points at


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UI IE 4550 - Wind Plant Systems

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