Wellness model:Personal responsibility and intentionalityHolistic: separate parts of human functioning on body, mind and spirit are interrelated, each affecting one another.Can assess this in ourselves and our clients.Individual self holistic model (model in book)ContextsInstitutional: policies and lawsGlobal (world events)Chronometrical impactFoundations of Counseling: Test 1Lenore McWeyThe Helper and the Helping ProcessMotives of the helper Important: Be honest with yourself about “why” you want to go into helping profession. Can you think of any examples of why? Doesn’t have to be your own motivation.Reflective practitioner (not in book) Makes commitment to personal awareness.Recognize automatic reactions and prejudicesSeek feedback from othersRecognizing when one is being defensiveUnderstands this is a processPerry’s stages of development (How a Helper Develops)1. Dualistic or “Right or Wrong” Stage - world is viewed in absolute terms. Single truths- “Right” and “wrong”. May not fully listen to clients because they are thinking about what to say next. Anxiety provoking? Must “get right” answer, knowing what’s right.2. Multiplistic Stage - Abandons “right and wrong” thinking. Recognizes diversity among clients means that what is “right” for one may not be right for another. Anxiety can come from being overwhelmed by choices; unable to choose a plan.3. Relativistic Stage - Knowledge is contextual. Must understand context, resources of situation. Recognizes that some interventions may be relatively better than others. Decisions are made on the basis of the best available information.4. Committed Relativistic - Can engage in metacognition; self-actualization. Bigger than just the case; global society. Takes lifelong moral and ethical stances, very few individuals reach this stage. Stage not supported by research.Research on development Little research on counselor development (particularly “normative” development). Tentative research demonstrates not differences based on age, sex, and race. Biggest predictor=years in the counseling profession. There ismore research on burnout, compassion fatigue, and counselor impalement.Characteristics of helpers No one first the picture of an “ideal helper”OptimisticFlexibleCreative: you are not rigid and inflexible in your thinking.MotivatingPatientGood self-care: don’t become overly involved with those you are helping; know yourlimits, and set boundaries to protect yourself from burnout.Stable/mentally healthyCreativeCourageous: courage to examine your own personal problems, indentify areas for growth, and you can deal with the cruelties that other people inflict upon one another without being so disturbed that it is disruptivePsychologically minded/intelligentPositive view of mankindHelping as a Personal JourneyExpect self doubtLife-altering situationsNot sure of an answerComplex problemsNot succeeding every timeUnfamiliar territoryAttraction/repulsionPersonal prejudicesChapter 1-Intro to Interviewing and CounselingInterviewing, counseling, psychotherapy Interviewing may be considered the more basic and is often associated with information gathering and providing necessary data to help clients resolve issues. Usually short-term with only one or two sessions.Ethical Coaching operates from a strength framework and helps plan for immediate and long-term change. Focuses on living life more fully and effectively.Counseling focuses on normal developmental concerns (problems and opportunities) More intensive and personal process. Traing. In a crisis, the family experiencing a major disaster often needs both short- and long-term counseling. Professional fields: social work, school counseling, psychology, mental health and clinical counseling, pastoral counseling, psychiatry (to a limited extent)Psychotherapy emphasizes treatment of more deep-sated issue (personality or behavior). More intense process. Medicine. Can be sub-specialties.Interrelationships There is a interrelationship of interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy. They are interrelated processes that sometimes overlap. (Figure 1-1 in slides and textbook) All are about listening to client’s story, finding strengths inthat story, and rewriting a new narrative for action.Client’s story Your first task is to listen carefully to these stories and learn how clients come to think, feel, and act as they do. Sometimes, simply listening carefully with empathy and care is enough to produce meaningful change. You will also want to help clients think through new ways of approaching their stories. It is possible to rewrite and rethink/restory old narratives into new, more positive and productive stories. The result can be deeper awareness of emotional experience, more useful ways of thinking, and new behavioral actions. Expect your clients to have enormouscapacity for change. One of your tasks is to search for strengths and resources that will empower the client.Neuroplasticity The brain develops new neurons and neural connections throughout the lifespan, and it changes in response to new situations or experiencesin the environment. The most dramatic example of neuroplasticity is evidence thateffective counseling can produce new neurons in the brain. Both you and your clients may learn, change, and develop new neural connections as a result of your interaction.5 stages of interview process 1. Relationship (working alliance) : Develop rapport, trust, and working alliance with clients. Be your own natural self and open to others and to differences of all types. Your attending and empathetic listening skills are key to understanding (will help establish relationship). Every relationship will be different and will test your social skills and understanding. Another term for relationship is working alliance, which in turn is based on what is now called the common factors approach.2. Story and Strengths : Learning how clients make sense of their world and issues—the stories clients tell us about their lives, their problems, challenges,and issues—by listening. Let us help them tell their stories in their own way. Attending and observation skills are critical, while encouraging, paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, and summarization will help fill out the story. Seek out and listen for times when clients have succeeded in overcoming obstacles. “Listen for and be curious about their competencies—the
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