Foundations of Counseling Test 1 Lenore McWey The Helper and the Helping Process Motives of the helper Important Be honest with yourself about why you want to go into helping profession Can you think of any examples of why Doesn t have to be your own motivation Reflective practitioner not in book Makes commitment to personal awareness Recognize automatic reactions and prejudices Seek feedback from others Recognizing when one is being defensive Understands this is a process Perry s stages of development How a Helper Develops 2 Multiplistic Stage world is viewed in absolute terms 1 Dualistic or Right or Wrong Stage Abandons right and wrong thinking Recognizes Single truths Right and wrong May not fully listen to clients because they are thinking about what to say next Anxiety provoking Must get right answer knowing what s right diversity among clients means that what is right for one may not be right for another Anxiety can come from being overwhelmed by choices unable to choose a plan 3 Relativistic Stage resources of situation Recognizes that some interventions may be relatively better than others Decisions are made on the basis of the best available information Can engage in metacognition self actualization Bigger than just the case global society Takes lifelong moral and ethical stances very few individuals reach this stage Stage not supported by research Knowledge is contextual Must understand context 4 Committed Relativistic Research on development Little research on counselor development particularly normative development Tentative research demonstrates not differences based on age sex and race Biggest predictor years in the counseling profession There is more research on burnout compassion fatigue and counselor impalement Characteristics of helpers No one first the picture of an ideal helper Optimistic Flexible Creative you are not rigid and inflexible in your thinking Motivating Patient Good self care don t become overly involved with those you are helping know your limits and set boundaries to protect yourself from burnout Stable mentally healthy Creative Courageous courage to examine your own personal problems indentify areas for growth and you can deal with the cruelties that other people inflict upon one another without being so disturbed that it is disruptive Psychologically minded intelligent Positive view of mankind Helping as a Personal Journey Expect self doubt Life altering situations Not sure of an answer Complex problems Not succeeding every time Unfamiliar territory Attraction repulsion Personal prejudices Chapter 1 Intro to Interviewing and Counseling Interviewing counseling psychotherapy Interviewing may be considered the more basic and is often associated with information gathering and providing necessary data to help clients resolve issues Usually short term with only one or two sessions Ethical Coaching operates from a strength framework and helps plan for immediate and long term change Focuses on living life more fully and effectively Counseling focuses on normal developmental concerns problems and opportunities More intensive and personal process Traing In a crisis the family experiencing a major disaster often needs both short and long term counseling Professional fields social work school counseling psychology mental health and clinical counseling pastoral counseling psychiatry to a limited extent Psychotherapy emphasizes treatment of more deep sated issue personality or behavior More intense process Medicine Can be sub specialties Interrelationships There is a interrelationship of interviewing counseling and psychotherapy They are interrelated processes that sometimes overlap Figure 1 1 in slides and textbook All are about listening to client s story finding strengths in that story and rewriting a new narrative for action Client s story Your first task is to listen carefully to these stories and learn how clients come to think feel and act as they do Sometimes simply listening carefully with empathy and care is enough to produce meaningful change You will also want to help clients think through new ways of approaching their stories It is possible to rewrite and rethink restory old narratives into new more positive and productive stories The result can be deeper awareness of emotional experience more useful ways of thinking and new behavioral actions Expect your clients to have enormous capacity for change One of your tasks is to search for strengths and resources that will empower the client Neuroplasticity The brain develops new neurons and neural connections throughout the lifespan and it changes in response to new situations or experiences in the environment The most dramatic example of neuroplasticity is evidence that effective counseling can produce new neurons in the brain Both you and your clients may learn change and develop new neural connections as a result of your interaction 5 stages of interview process 2 Story and Strengths 1 Relationship working alliance Develop rapport trust and working alliance Learning how clients make sense of their world and If you don t know where you are going you may end up somewhere with clients Be your own natural self and open to others and to differences of all types Your attending and empathetic listening skills are key to understanding will help establish relationship Every relationship will be different and will test your social skills and understanding Another term for relationship is working alliance which in turn is based on what is now called the common factors approach issues the stories clients tell us about their lives their problems challenges and issues by listening Let us help them tell their stories in their own way Attending and observation skills are critical while encouraging paraphrasing reflection of feeling and summarization will help fill out the story Seek out and listen for times when clients have succeeded in overcoming obstacles Listen for and be curious about their competencies the heroic stories that reflect their part in surmounting obstacles initiating action and maintaining positive change Issues is a better word than problem lighter Sit and listen to your client s story Listen attend encourage paraphrase LISTENING SKILLS Reflection of feeling is so your feeling because summarizing 3 Goals else If the client does not have a goal in mind the new story may be irrelevant Help clients determine where they want to go Implies change What do you want to be different what do you want
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