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Media,'Sports'and'Society1'Start'for'Exam'#2''• (Media)'sports'fanship'o “Benefits”*of*sports*fanship' Community'aspect'' Competitive'aspect' Satisfaction'“feeling'good”1'emotion'lift/joy' Social'aspect1'self'presentation/atmosphere' Escape'from'reality1'diversion''o Multidimensional:'emotional,'cognitive,'behavioral/social'' On*a*basic*human*level:'We'have'evolutionary'and'psychological'needs'that'are'met'through'group*identification'' “Sea'turtles”'• Sports'fanship'leads'to'group'identification'• Group&Identification:'An'acquired,'cognitive'response'within'a'person'(experienced'emotionally)'wherein'some'of'the'attributes,*motives,*characteristics,*and'affective*states*of*another'become'part'of'the'person’s'psychological*organization,'such'that's/he'reacts'to'the'events'occurring'to'the'other'as*if*they*occurred*to*him/her'o Humans'HAVE'to'connect'with'other'people''• What*are*those*needs*that*lead*us*to*seekAout*group*identification?''o Belonging'and'affiliation''o Feel'a'part'of'a'distinctive'group''o Self1image'and'terror'management'' When'our'self'esteem'is'low,'leads'to'thoughts'of'our'own'mortality'' Group'Identification''Improves'Self1Esteem''• But*how*do*sports*meet*these*needs?''o Another'form'of'group'identification:'Team%identification'' Team*Identification:'extent'to'which'(1)'a'person'feels'a'psychological&connection'to'a'team/athlete'and'(2)'the'performances'by'the'team/athlete'are'viewed'as'self5relevant.''• How*do*we*come*to*“acquire”*group/team*identification*through*sports?''o Socialization1'“The'process'of'learning'to'live'in'and'understand'a'culture'by'internalization'its'valued'beliefs'and'norms.”'o Four*main*Socializing*agent:'' Family' School'' Friend/Peers' Community'in'which'we’re'raised''• Greatly'influenced'by'family,'school,'friends/peers,'and'community.'(Those'around'you)'''• But*why*particular*teams/athletes?''o 3*main*reasons:'Psychological,'environmental,'and'team1'related'' Psychological:''• Need'for'belonging,'desire'to'be'part'of'a'distinctive'group,'self1esteem,'idiosyncratic'self1selection'(basic'physiological'needs'that'lead'us'to'like'teams.''o Ex:'little'boy'on'the'playground'that'convinced'people'to'like'that'team.'' Environmental:*'• GREATEST'INFLUENCE'ON'US''o Family/friends' Single'greatest'influence:'#1'is'FATHER'• BROTHER'is'next''o Geographic'location'o Repeated'exposure'through'media'o Direct'contact'with'an'athlete'' We'see'teams'being'like'us''o Stadium'' Team*related''• Team'performance'• Reputation'of'the'Organization''• Player/team'perceived'to'be'similar'to'fan'• Hated'Rival''o Why'are'we'fans'of'particular'teams?'• Sports*Viewing*appeal*and*effects'o ENJOYMENT!'(Feeling'of'pleasure)' Participants,'competitors,'and'outcome' Emotional&Affiliation:'Happier'when'team'wins'if'you’re'a'huge'fan'over'someone'who’s'indifferent.''• Max'Enjoyment:'Team'you'love'wins'over'team'you'hate.''• Max'Disappointment:'Opposite'' Disposition*theory*of*sports*spectatorship1'tries'to'define'and'explain'the'process'of'enjoying'a'LIVE'sporting'event.''• Theory*suggests*TWO*major*factors:*'o Teams/participants'involved1emotional'connections'(disposition)'o If'they'win'or'not'(THE'OUTCOME)' We'seek'out'sports'from'enjoyment.'' We'feel'for'the'teams1'Identification/Group'Psychological'connection'' The'only'way'to'feel'that'joy'is'through'identification'• Enjoyment*is*on*a*“continuum”A*disappointment''out'of'this'world'pleasure**'• Emotional*Responses:*Appeal*of*sportsA*arousal,'self1esteem'and'escape'o Arousal:'Change'in'psychological'response'to'stimuli'(nervous'system)' Ex:'Biking'and'car'almost'hits'you1'get'nervous'• Sports'can'change'central'nervous'system'• Game'gets'really'tight1'fast'heart'rate,'anxious'• Same'hormone'as'sexual'desire' Sports'influences'our'bodies1'12'like'that'feeling'• Rollercoaster:'Up'and'down,'scoring'and'leading'• Announcers:'Say'competitors'hate'each'other1'more'intense'than'announcer'saying'competitors'are'friends.''o Self*esteem1'o Birging1'Basking'in'Reflective'Glory**'• Escape1'escape'boredom/stress''Sports*viewing*appeal*and*effects'• Cognitive&appeal&of&sports&o Learning''o Aesthetics'• Behavioral&appeal&of&sports:'o Release1'cheering,'yelling,'hyped'up'o Companionship'and'group'affiliation'o Family'o Economics1'bet'on'''How*do*Sports*get*on*TV?'• Must'have'the'right'to'air'it'• Four*MAJOR*ways*networks*get*the*rights'o Purchase&them:*rights*contracts' Rights'contracts:'• Overwhelmingly,'most'common'model'• Network'pays'contracted'amount'to'the'owners/organizers'for'exclusive'rights'to'a'set'number'of'games/events'over'a'set'period'of'time.''o Ex:'of'owners/organizers:'NFL,'NBA,'IOC'(International'Olympic'committee)'Augusta'National'Golf'League'(The'Masters)'o Networks'hope'to'recoup'cost'through'advertising.''o These'days,'broadcasting'rights'often'include'digital'media.''o Pros/cons'of'this'model?''o Share&themA*partnerships/revenue,*sharing' No'contracted'amount' Initial'production'and'promotion'covered'by'network' Network'and'owners/organizers'agree'to'split'revenu e.''• Partnership'between'the'league'and'the'network.''• NBC'as'pioneered'this'approach:'NHL,'XFL'• Pros/cons'of'this'model?'o Own&them&in&the&1st&place:*Owned*programming' Network'is'the'owner/organizer;'no,'no'rights'fees'need'to' b e'paid.'' Network'pays'for'everything,'but'they'also'keep'all'the'ad'profits.''• Ex:'ESPN'and'the'X'Games,'NESN'and'the'Boston'Red'Sox'(both'owned'primarily'by'the'Fenway'Sports'Group)'o Pros/Cons:'' If'you'own'a'bad'team'' Good'product/Good'Team' The'money'you'make'is'yours'o Sell&TV&time&to&the&rights&owner:*TimeAbuys' Time1buys' Owner/Organizer'buys'as'many'hours'as'necessary'on'network'to'air'event.'' Owner/Organizer'responsible'for'everything,'including'production'and'ad'sales.'' Network'pays'for'nothing'but'maintains'some'control'over'final'product.''• Ex:'Ironman'Triathlon'(organized'by'Timex)'historically'aired'on'NBC'o Pros/cons?'' Network'is'guaranteed'money'' Selecting'is'more'strategic''• Negative:'You'have'to'do'all'the'work.''o Earliest'days' No'rights'agreements' Paid'for'by'broadcasters' Mostly'experimental;'“Can'we'do'this?”'•


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FSU MMC 3703 - Exam #2

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