The total store of knowledge relative to the What is Animal Science Breeding Feeding Care and Management The Marketing and Processing of animals and their products And gain through research and experience It also means the Science and Business of producing domestic livestock species This includes Animal Science is also concerned with foods of animal origin The food industry is one of the largest and most important industries in the world Animal Science is also concerned with the companion animals and their nutrition care and welfare Specialized areas of animal science provide opportunities for graduate professional studies Graduate Studies include Beef Cattle Dairy Cattle Horses Poultry Sheep Goats Swine Meat Dairy Foods Eggs MS Ph D Degree Programs Animal Production Breeding and Genetics Reproductive Physiology Nutrition and Meats Professional Study Veterinary Medicine Medicine Dentistry Law Business Administrations Animal Science majors are qualified for many challenging careers in business industry government education and research Including Feed and Equipment Manufactures Breeding Associations Pharmaceutical Firms Meat Processors Food Distributions Animal Housing Universities Colleges Community Colleges Advertising Horse Firms Animal Clinics Zoos Kennels Gamekeepers Veterinary Assistants Animal Preserves Types of Employers Livestock Equipment Companies Self Employed Feed Companies Animal Health Firms Commercial Feed Lots Breeding Firms Stockyard Companies Purebred Breeding Associations Poultry Processors Riding Stables Racetracks Livestock Publications Radio TV Stations Veterinary Supplies Grain Companies Commercial Banks Farm Organizations Livestock Sales Livestock Buyers Government Agencies Research Laboratory Florida Agricultural Overview Leading Milk Producing State in Southeast Florida Livestock Sales 1 3 Billion Ranks 13th nationally in cash receipts Ranks 15th nationally in production 270 Million Gallons 423 Million Ranks 13th nationally in broiler production Florida Horse Industry Known around the world for breeding and training thoroughbreds Produced 40 North American Champions Produced 61 Millionaires 17 Breeder s Cups Champions 17 Kentucky Derby Preakness and Belmont Stakes Winners Factors affecting the supply of food General Animal Science o Land the size of the land depends on the amount you can produce type of land will it grow anything soil fertility and housing development o Water not enough of it or too much of it o Fertilizer increases yield and can lose nutrition o Irrigation o Yield costs have gone up 150 bushels on average per acre of corn in the US 8 45 per bushel o Incentives o Weather and Climate droughts and too much rain Factors affecting the demand of food o Population Growth o Income o Food Preferences taste o Nutrient Quality o World Food Shortages o World Nutrition Shortages Price on corn impact Droughts in mid west 7 00 8 50 a bushel 56 pounds a bushel Major cost of producing animals is feed Monogastric means one stomach animals Food vs Food grain Humans or Livestock The feeding of grain to livestock Feed efficiency ratios o How efficient is the feed we re feeding them o 10 protein in corn on average 7 5 8 Swine 3 5 1 3 5 units per 1 unit Poultry 2 1 o 2 pounds of feed per pound of gain o 6 8 weeks to reach weight Cattle o On grain 7 5 1 7 5 pounds of feed per pound of gain o On roughage 12 5 1 12 5 pounds of feed per pound of gain o 3 5 pounds of feed per pound of gain beef or 3 5 kg of feed per kg of gain beef o Have more than one stomach grains are high in energy and they have the ability to digest foliage bacteria located in the rumas How much do feedlot cattle weigh when taken to the market What is the final slaughter weight of feedlot cattle It depends Usually about 600 700 pounds o 1000 pounds or better Feedlot is a place to feed animals Bulk of the diet is mostly gained during this time It is where we finish out the cattle before going to slaughter Cow calf operation where you breed the cow than drop the calf Calves are weaned at what weight o Usually about 600 700 pounds Weaning is the complete separation of offspring and parents How much grain does a 1000 pound steer consume 1000 pound steer X 7 5 pounds of grain 7500 pounds of grain o Not true The fallacy is that only about 30 to 40 of the final weight of a feedlot animal steer or heifer is a tribute to gain feeding Let s take a 650 pound weaned calf and place it in feedlot The desired weight is 1000 pounds Weaned weight is 650 pounds the difference is 350 pounds 350 pounds X 7 5 2 625 pounds of grain So feed conversion based on grain feeding is reduced in actuality to Amount of feed consumed per slaughter weight of animal 2 625 divided by 1000 equals 2 6 1 or 2 6 1 How much did this animal gain per pound offered 1000lb steer divided by 2 625lb of grain equals 0 38lb beef 1lb of grain Reported in literature this way G F Actual Gain was 350lb G F 350 2625 0 141lb beef per 1lb gain or F G 2625 grain per 350 gain beef 7 5lb of grain per 1lb of gain beef How much do cattle eat per day Depends on the size of the animal and the breed Average is 20 pounds per day The bigger ones eat 20 30 pounds a day How to Improve the World Food Situation Curb population growth Increase farm prices Cultivate more land Increase yields breed cow when they are 15 months Don t want to breed on the first cycle 283 days Improve and increase protein source Feed more roughage and less grain Produce leaner animals need fat but want more muscular animals Decrease number of animals Develop more efficient animals Control disease and parasites Tap sea for more food Increase fish culture Convers energy Control pollution Establish grain reserves Waste not want not Increase exchange between countries Increase research education and extension Chapter 2 Birth of Animal Science Domestication Functions of Animals o Food o Clothing o Power o Recreation dog shows and horse shows o Convert inedible feeds into valuable products o Diversification more than one source of income o By products from animals o Erosion control soil fertility o Provide medicinal products o Companion of grain production Some factors to consider in establishing a livestock enterprise Systems of farming o Crop production o Animal production o Combination of the two Leading livestock states o Midwestern states o Texas Kansas Illinois Iowa Nebraska Oklahoma Missouri etc Characteristics of a Livestock Producer Must love livestock Must not be afraid to get