2nd bank of US (Nick Biddle)Re-Chartering of the National Bank of the US in 1816. Nicholas Biddle is put as the head of this bank. Directly opposed by Andrew Jackson and his states’ rights men. Bleeding KansasBuild up to the civil war, this referrs to a series of violent events involving anti-slavery free staters and pro-slavery expansionists. Took place in the Kansas Territory and Western Frontier towns of Missour between 1854 and 1858. This is a direct result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) which nullified the Missouri Compromise (1820).John c brekenridgeJohn brownBuilds a fortress in the Blue Ridge Mts. As an anti-slavery safe haven and abolitionist launching point in 1859. Harper’s Ferry, VA has a big arsenal and is located in close proximity to Washington DC. John Brown starts vandalizing and doing other mischievous acts. Buchanan steps in and sends General Lee to capture Brown. He is eventually captured and sentenced to death which causes a huge uproar among abolitionists and Republicans alike. James BuchananJohn c CalhounS. Carolina War Hawk which was noted for his extreme involvement and push for the War of 1812. Strong nationalist, Secretary of War under James Monroe, VP under John Quincy Adams, VP under Andrew Jackson. Begins his career as a proponent of strong centralized government but ends up as a strong states’ rights advocate.Lewis cass54 40 or fightSlogan coined by expansionist Democrats in 1846, referring to the Oregon boundary dispute. James K. Polk wished to set the boundary between the United States and British Canada along the 49th parallel, from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific OceanHenry clayKentucky War Hawk and Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams. In favor of the national bank (originally one of its strongest opponents). Referred to as “The Great Compromiser” because he basically has his hand in everything political during this period. Adams onis treatyReferred to as the transcontinental treaty, it basically determines the western boundary of the Louisiana Territory. Expanded the US territory greatly and added the Florida Territory11-15 amendment11th: Immunity of states from suits from out-of-state citizens or foreigners not living within state boarders. Lays the foundation for sovereign immunity.12th: Revises presidential election procedures13th: passed under Lincoln in 1864, enacted by congress to legitimize the actions of the Emancipation proclamation. Officially abolished and continued to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. 1st of reconstruction amendments.14th: passed under Andrew Johnson in 1866. Says all subjects born in the US are not subject to rule by any foreign power were citizens and were entitled to the rights of citizenship. Forbids any state to deprive any person of these rights without due process of law.15th: Last of reconstruction amendments, passed under Ulysses S. Grant. Ratified in 1870, says the right to vote cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous status of servitude. Guarantees the right to vote to freed black slaves.Compromise of 1850Passed under Zachary Taylor consisting of 5 acts that addressed 3 main issues: boundary lines, status of territory issues, slavery. The acts are listed as follows: CA admitted as a free state Utah and New Mexico territories admitted with no restrictions on slavery slave trade abolished in Washington DC Fugitive slave law, established borders between TX and New Mexico/assumption of TX debt by US government/popular sovereignty employed in the territory.This compromise prompted movement of slave owners and non-slave owners westward to try and settle land & gain majority of support for/against slavery. Also caused increased tensions over settlement and organization of western landsDemocratic partyArose from the anti-federalist party, they favored state’s rights and was backed by southerners.Stephen A. DouglassAmerican politician from Illinois and was the Northern Democratic Candidate who lost to Lincoln in the election of 1860. Advocate of popular sovereignty and largely responsible for the Compromise of 1850. Proposed the Kansas-Nebraska act in 1854. Against southern secession and urged congress and states to work within the gov. system to settle issues of slaveryDredd scott vs SanfordDredd Scott was a slave from VA whose owner took him to free territories under the Missouri Compromise; went back to VA (slave state) where his owner died. Sued for his freedom claming that his residency in 2 free territories guaranteed his freedom even though he was now back in VA. Supreme Court questions 3 things:Dredd Scott’s citizenship in Missouri: was he a citizen? Was he entitled to sue Missouri? - No because he was black and therefor could not be a citizenScott’s stay on free soil as legitimate grounds for free status - No because he was still a slave in Missouri and so his slave status in the state he was suing (Missouri) was indeed his status (as a slave)Constitutionality of Missouri Compromise- Under the 5th amendment the compromise was unconstitutional citing you cant deprive people of property without due process and slaves are property, therefor, gov. can’t ban slavery in territoriesEra of good feelingsBasically associated with James Monroe’s presidency, this period was marked by little to no partisan factitious debate, and was an attempt to reduce partisanship in the US government. Erie canalMillard fillmoreFree soil partyPolitical party of the election of 1848. Opposed spread of slavery in any new western lands in any way, especially land acquired from Mexican Cession. In favor of Wilmot Proviso. Presidential Candidate: Martin Van Buren. Believed if slavery was contained, it would ultimately disappear altogether. John c freemontFugitive slave act (1850)Part of the compromise of 1850. Brought the question of slavery explicitly before the nation. Amended Fugitive Slave Law of 1793. Puts all fugitive slave cases under federal jurisdiction. Alleged fugitives were denied trial by jury. Led to freed blacks in the north being charged as “fugitives” but couldn’t challenge the ruling because they were denied trial by jury.Gadsten purchasePurchase of present day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico by the US in a treaty signed by President Franklin Pierce in 1853. Last major territorial acquisition in the contiguous US. James Gadsten (ambassador to Mexico) negotiated the