ISYP 3000 Exam 3 Reading GuideSymbols, Selves, and Social Reality # 7 Collective Behavior and Social Movements (What are social movements?-Coalitions of groups that organize to achieve or prevent some social or political change.• According to resource mobilization theory, how do social movements arise and how are they sustained?-Groups of dedicated folks need to acquire and use resources to create a movement.• Why do people participate in social movements?-To prevent or achieve some sort of social or political change• List and explain the four main ways social movement organizations can differ?1. Structure: hierarchal or non-hierarchal2. Tactics: letter writing, civil disobedience, marches, property destruction3. Goals: Change policy, consciousness, raising, shut down.4. Frames• What is a collective action frame? Frame Alignment? Injustice framework? Frame bridging? And Frame resonance?-Injustice Framework: ?????-Frame Bridging: ?????-Frame Alignment: The frame will be aligned with attitudes of potential recruits-Frame Resonance: A deep connection between a movement's frame and experience potential recruits.-Injustice Framework: Belief that unimpeded operation of the authority system will result in or continue and injustice.• What is collective behavior? Emergent norm theory? A riot? Four phases of a riot?-Collective behavior: Refers to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure. But emerge In a spontaneous way.-Riots: Form of collective behavior in which people assemble to protest and take violent measures.• What are rumors? What are three processes of rumor transition?-Rumors: Info not substantiated or reflected; a truth claim.From lecture on WTO and film This is What Democracy Looks Like• What is the WTO?-The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct business.• What were the main organizations involved in the demonstration and how did their goals, structure, and tactics differ?-Direct Action network- Non hierarchal; civil disobedience; shut down the meeting.-AFL-CIO- Hierarchal; letter writing and march; influence trade policy and elections-Seattle Police- Hierarchal; violence/ arrests; prevent DAN protests, allow labor parade (prepared for worse)-Participants in Black Bloc- Non hierarchal; support civil disobedience, prepared for property destruction radicalize the protest• What is a three-layered intersection blockade? -The 3 layers are; Center- 1. "Lock down protestors" (tied hands together) 2. Immediately around them are protectors. (Making sure nothing happens to "lock downs". 3. And the flying squads who would run around and join protests.• How did the police respond to the blockade?-The police responded with chemical weapons and violence.• How did the activists interviewed or giving speeches as well as the film itself construct an injustice frame? ???????• In what ways may have rumors (especially in the mainstream media) legitimate police violence in Seattle?-Rumors- Info not substantiated or refuted; a truth claim (rumors can promote mass violence or hysteria.• How did WTO activists and their supporters practice jail solidarity?-Arrested using fake names. Vigil surrounding public safety building. International solidarity protests. All in custody were released by Sunday, all charges dropped.Online ArticleSchwalbe, Michael, Sandra Godwin, Daphne Holden, Douglas Schrock, Shealy Thompson, and Michele Wolkomir. 2000. “Generic Processes in the Reproduction of Inequality: An Interactionist Analysis.” Social Forces 79:419-452.• How did Schwalbe et al. analyze the data? In what way is the analysis generalizable? -They used qualitative studies dealing with inequality as data asked of them, "of what more abstract category of phenomena is this an instance."Gereralizable across different social settings• How does this paper make a contribution to the study of social inequality? -Uncovers the generic interactional processes through which inequality is reproduced• What are the four basic processes of inequality reproduction?1. Othering: Defining other groups as inferior• Oppressive othering• Implicit othering by creating powerful virtual selves• Defensive othering among subordinates2. Subordinate Adaptation: Accepting and/or adapting to one's subordination• Trading power for patronage• Forming alternative subcultures• Hustling or dropping out3. Boundary Maintenance: Maintaining boundaries between the dominant and subordinate groups• Transmitting cultural capital• Controlling Network access• The threat of use of violence4. Emotion management: Controlling or conditioning ones emotions to facilitate inequality.• Regulating discourse • Conditioning emotional subjectivity• Scripting mass events• Be able to recognize and understand the three sub process of each generic process of inequality reproduction.-See above.. ^^^• What’s the problem with trying to link action with structure? What do they propose doing instead?-What Is the problem?• Structure is reification. (Reification- To treat (an abstraction) as if it had concrete or material existence)-What do they propose doing instead?• Examine how action is linked across time and places.• Examine how action in one setting is constrained by the actual or anticipated actions of people elsewhere.Online ArticleSchrock, Douglas, and Irene Padavic. 2007. "Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity in a Batterer Intervention Program." Gender & Society, 21:625-649. • How did the authors collect and analyze their data? -They observed 100+ meetings and took detailed field notes.Analysis techniques: Memos about emerging themes, examined interactional practices as well as meanings of manhood.• How do scholars usually conceive of the concept “hegemonic masculinity?” What is the authors’ alternative approach to hegemonic masculinity? -Traditional View- Cultural ideal; the most honored way to be a man in our culture.Alternative view- Interactional construction; men's self- presentations that consistently elicit others' deference.• What kind of men did the social workers want the men to become? Why didn’t the batterers accept this?-They wanted them to be respectful, non-threatening, empathetic, egalitarians who take responsibility for their actions. The batterers did not accept