CLT 3510: Ancient World in FilmFinal Exam Review, Fall 2012Final Time: Monday, December 10 at 5:30PM in our classroomThe exam will have two parts. The first part will consist of multiple choice questions and will focus on the plots, main characters, and background to each movie, as well as some features of film history. The second part will present “short answer” type questions for you to answer. These may include matching (i.e. attach characters with movies), fill in the blank, or other questions designed to probe your understanding of the films and their themes a little more deeply.Names/Terms/ThemesRoman History: Founded by Romulus and Remus in 750 BC on banks of Tiber River.Roman Kings: ruled from 753-509 with a strong Etruscan influenceRoman Republic: 509-263= early republic; roman expansion in Italy. 264-133=middle republic; roman expansion in Mediterranean. 133-30= late republic; civil wars. 30 BC was the victory of Octavian over Antony, Octavian renamed Augustus and began the Roman Empire. AD 64- Nero is emperor; burning of Rome and persecution of Christians.AD 180- death of Marcus Aurelius (last of the good emperors). AD 313- edict of Milan; Constantine emperor. 395AD- division of Roman Empire into east and west. 410 AD- sack of Rome by Visigoths. 476 AD- removal of last western roman emperor. Roman Government: a Republic. Oligarchic/aristocratic government, common people have basic rights, and power is wielded by a wealthy ruling class.Main parts of government: Two consuls- chief executive officers. Tribunes- protectors of the people. Senate- advisory body of ex-officials (elders). Assembly- theoretically all citizens could attend and vote. Patricians/Plebeians: elite/poorRoman Expansion: in Italy; in MediterraneanHannibal: one of the greatest military commanders of all time. LeaderCof the military forces of Carthage that fought against Rome in the Second Punic War.Gracchi: The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius. Roman plebian nobles who served as tribunes in the late 2nd century BC. Considered the founding fathers of socialism and populism. Marius: Gaius Marius, a Roman general and statesman. Held the office of consul 7 times.Noted for his reforms of Roman armies; authorizing recruitment of landless citizens. Sulla: Roman general and statesman. Held the office of consul twice, and was also a dictator. First Triumvirate: the political alliance of Caesar, Crassus, and Magnus. Pompey: aka Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. Military and political leader of the Roman Republic. Caesar: Roman general and statesman, critical role in the events that led to the end of the Roman republic. Crassus: Roman general and politician who played a key transformation of the Roman republic into the Roman empire. Spartacus and Slave revolts: A slave leader in the Third Servile War in south Italy in 73-71 BC; defeated by Crassus. His struggle is interpreted by many as an example ofoppressed people fighting for their freedom- an inspiration to many political thinkers. Early Roman empire-The Julian-Claudians: period of peace on frontiers but instability in imperial family. The Flavians: New ruling family, start soff with promise but descends into tyrannyThe Good Emperors (Pax Romana): ends with Marcus Aurelius, son was Commodus. Ended tradition of selecting successor other than son. Ben-Hur (1959):Judah Ben-Hur (Charlton Heston) is a wealthy merchant living in Judea at the time of Christ. Under the influence of the oppressive Roman Empire, the land seethes with talk ofrevolt, and Caesar has sent more soldiers to quell the potential uprising. The new TribuneMessala (Stephen Boyd) once lived in Judea as a boy, and longs to rekindle his old friendship with Judah, but when they meet it is obvious that Messala has been changed bythe years he has been away, fighting the enemies of the Empire. He is harsh and calculating, driven by ambition, and eager to prove himself to Caesar. Asking Judah for help in rounding up the local dissenters, they argue, and when Judah refuses to betray his own people Messala declares that they must be either friends or enemies, and leaves in anger.A few days later the Romans parade through the city in a show of force, and as they pass the house of Hur, Judah's sister leans out over the balcony for a better look. She dislodgesa few roof tiles which fall onto the new Governor as he rides by, and Messala seizes an opportunity. Arresting Judah, his sister and mother, he throws them all into prison. Judah learns that he is to be condemned without trial or hearing, and flies into a desparate rage. Breaking free from his jailers, Judah smashes his way into Messala's chamber, demanding to know why he has done this evil deed. Messala calmly explains that by condemning an old friend without hesitation, he will show the rest of Judea that he is to be feared. "I asked for your help Judah," says Messala, "and now you've given it to me." He dismisses Judah to the death of a slave in the galleys, and leaves the mother and sister to rot in prison.Chained to a group of criminals, Judah is marched through the desert. Barely alive, they pass though a village called Nazareth, where a compassionate young man gives him water. Gazing into his eyes, Judah is filled with wonder, and recieves the life-giving gift of a simple drink. When an angry Roman guard barks the young man rises and the guard stares into his face, perceiving something there that, perhaps for the first time in his life, forces the Roman to back down. Judah is marched away with the other condemned men, but continues to gaze back at the man who saved his life.Years pass. Judah rows his life away in the galleys. When the new centurion Quintas Arrius (Jack Hawkins) comes aboard, he puts all the slaves to a test of endurance, lookingfor any with enough spirit to defy him. Judah, filled with hate for the Romans, catches hiseye. Soon the fleet engages the enemy in battle and in the mayhem, Arrius is cast overboard only to be saved by the enslaved Judah Ben-Hur. Finding his fleet victorious, he returns in triumph to Rome with Judah at his side and after a time adopts him as a son.A rich and influential man once again, Judah's thoughts return to Judea and the vengeance he has sworn on Messala.Along the road to Judea, Judah meets a Arab Sheik and an old wise man namedBalthasar, one of those who followed the star of Bethlehem at the time of Christ's birth. Balthasar now seeks Christ grown into a man, and befriends Judah, sensing the goodness