Unformatted text preview:

Nutrition and Sports PET3361 Study Guide Exam I 1. Know basic structural composition of CHO, Lipid and Protein. How is each type of macronutrient classified? a. CHO – (CH2O)n in a ratio of C:H:O 1:2:1 i. Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose ii. Disaccharides: (2 monosaccarides) 1. Sucrose 2. Lactose 3. Maltose iii. Oligosaccharides (3-9Monosaccharides) iv. Polysaccharides (10 or more Monosaccharides) b. Lipid (Fats) – C, H, O; Ratio H:O is greater than CHO i. Simple 1. Neutral fats 2. Triacylglycerol – storage form of fat ii. Compound 1. Phospholipids, lipoproteins a. Chlyomicrons – transport vit A, D, E, K b. VLDL – transport triacylglycerol to muscle/adipose c. LDL – Cholesterol to arterial tissuse d. HDL – reverse transport of cholesterol iii. Derived 1. Fatty acids, Steriods a. Saturated Fatty Acids – Holds as many H+ as possible b. Unsaturated Fatty Acids – Double Bond in Chain i. Monounsaturated – 1 Double Bond Chain, liquid at room temp ii. Polyunsaturated – many double bond chain c. Protein – C, H, O, N, P, S i. Amino Acids linked buy peptide bonds ii. 20 Amino Acids (NH2-Side Chain – COOH) 1. 11 non-essential – manufactured by body 2. 9 essential – must be ingested a. Complete Protein – Contains all Essential AA b. Incomplete Protein – missing at least 1 AA 2. Know the functions, storage content and location of various CHO, lipids and proteins within the body. a. CHO i. Starch – 50% of daily intake 1. Amylose – Long Chain, digest slowly2. Amylopectin – Branched Chain, digest quickly (more surface area) ii. Glycogen – Storage form – Major Source of energy for active muscles 1. Liver 80-100g 2. Skeletal muscles 300-900g b. Lipids i. Energy Source and Reserve (80-90% at rest) ii. Protection and Insulation iii. Vitamin Carrier and Hunger Suppressor (3.5hrs to digest) iv. Cholesterol is precursor to hormones and bile formation c. Protein i. Integral part of cell membrane, cytoplasm and organelles ii. Enzymes: metabolic ractions iii. Buffering iv. Muscle contraction v. Tissue remodeling 1. Anabolism – building 2. Catabolism – break down 3. What is the difference between glycemic index and glycemic load? What effect does the GL of different foods have on the body? a. Glycemic Index – rate of absorption of starches and sugars b. Glycemic Load – comparison of Glycemic Index with amount of CHO i. [GI x (g of CHO/serving)]/100 1. High: >20 2. Med: 11-19 3. Low: less than 10 c. Affects Blood Sugar response – High GL spikes blood sugar faster 4. What determines the biologic value of proteins? What types of food typically contain high biological value proteins? a. Biologic Value – Complete vs Incomplete protein i. Amount of essential AA in food ii. Complete: Eggs, Whey, Soy Protein iii. Incomplete: Rice, Soybeans, peanuts 5. Know the distribution, functions and average content of body water. a. 60% body weight b. Blood 90%, Muscle 75%, Bone 25%, Adipose Tissue 5% c. Intracellular (2/3 inside cell), Extracellular (1/3 outside cell) d. Fuctions i. Transport Nutrients and waste ii. Regulate body temp iii. Biochemical reactions iv. Protection: lubrication, cleansing and cushioning v. Solvent in body vi. Structure and body form6. What role do vitamins and minerals play in the body? How are vitamins and minerals classified? What factors influence mineral bioavailability? a. Role: Regulates process of energy release from food b. Vitamin (13 vitamin) i. Water Soluble – B, Niacin, Pantothenic and not stored ii. Fat Soluble – A, D, E, K – Stored in liver and fatty tissue c. Minerals i. Macrominerals (major minerals) – 100mg or more daily intake 1. Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium ii. Microminerals (trace minerals) – less than 100mg 1. Iron, zinc, selenium d. Mineral Bioavailability – Capacity to absorb and use minerals in food i. Type of food – Animal>plant ii. Mineral-Mineral interaction iii. Vitamin-Mineral interaction (Vit D and Ca, Vit C and Fe) iv. Fiber-Mineral interaction – binds and blocks absorption 7. What are the components of DRI? Define each component? a. Estimated average requirement (EAR) - meets 50% of people in life/stage group b. Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) – meets 98& of people in life/stage group (EAR + 2 Standard deviations) c. Adequate Intake (AI) – average amount consumed by healthy people, when RDA/EAR can’t be determine d. Tolerable Upper intake Level (UL) – Maximum amount that appears safe 8. General recommendations from the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, including macronutrient intake (% of daily intake) and “MyPlate” guidelines. a. CHO – 45-65% kcal i. Fiber rich fruits and vegetables and whole grains b. FAT – 20-35% kcal i. Less than 10% sat. fat ii. Oils to replace solid fats c. PRO – 10-35% kcal d. My Plate i. Exercise 30minutes a day, weight loss 60-90minutes ii. Avoid oversized portions iii. Increase: fruit/veg, whole grains, water, fat free of 1% dairy iv. Decrease: Sodium, Cholesterol, added sugars 9. Define dietary supplement and the government’s role in their regulation. a. Dietary supplement – product intended to supplement the diet b. Loosely regulated by Government and be marketed without FDA approval (unless supplement is inherently dangerous) 10. Know the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions. a. Oxidation Reaction – loss of elections b. Reduction Reaction – Gain of electrons11. Where does energy production take place? What determines which energy system will be utilized? a. Anaerobic/Glycolysis i. Occurs in Cytosol ii. PCr, Glu/Glycogen, Glycerol, AA b. Aerobic – Citric Acid Cycle, B-odication, respiratory chain i. Occurs in Mitochondria ii. Fatty Acids, Pyruvate, AA c. Energy System dependent on intensity/duration of exercise 12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the ATP-PC/PCR/phosphagen energy system? a. ATP-PC/PCR/Phosphagen Energy System i. Pros: Immediate large energy system ii. Cons: not long lasting (15sec max) 13. What is the capacity of glycolysis for energy production? What is the preferred source of Glu for catabolism and why is it superior? a. 2-3 ATP, energy for ~90s b. Muscle Uptake – phosphorylation loses 1 atp (2ATP total) c. Glycogenolysis – Cleave Glucose and form G6P (3ATP Total, and superior) 14. What is the connection between glycolysis and


View Full Document

FSU PET 3361 - Study Guide Exam I

Download Study Guide Exam I
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Study Guide Exam I and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Study Guide Exam I 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?