Soc 210 | Assignment 5 | 10 points (this assignment is probably easiest to complete on your computer).1. Each paragraph below describes a real situation where the current statistics may be flawed due to problems with the data. From the choices below: identify the type of possible bias that best fits each situation and explain yourreasoning. There are four possible answers, and each answer is used only once. (For some situations, more than one type of bias may be accurate, but for each there is one type of bias that is most clearly an example of). - Selection bias- Publication bias- Recall bias- Survivorship biasa. There is ongoing debate about the fatality rate of the novel coronavirus. The fatality rate is the number of deaths due to the virus divided the number of people who have the virus. Initially, estimates of the death ratewere greater than 3%, but it has turned out that the fatality rate is actually much lower than initially estimated because many people who have a non-serious or asymptomatic version of the virus never get tested.What type of bias was there in the initial death rate statistics and why?b. In his 2001 book0Good to Great0(more than three million copies sold), Jim Collins selected 11 companies out of 1,435 whose stock beat the market average over a 40-year time span and then searched for shared practices among them that he believed accounted for their success. However, critics of this book say it is not meaningful to predict which companies willdo well based on looking at which companies did well, because companiesthat did not do well and went out of business may have also had similar practices.If the critics are correct, what type of bias might be affecting Jim Collins book?c. Studies have found that adults with major depression are more likely to report having experienced childhood abuse compared to adults without major depression, suggesting childhood abuse causes adult depression. However, some experts have provided an alternative explanation that individuals with major depression are more likely to go over their life history in an attempt to understand why they are experiencing depression.If the alternative explanation is correct, what type of bias would might be affecting the initial causal explanation and why?d. Many published studies have shown that bilingual speakers perform betteron cognitive tasks related to executive function abilities —0such as those involved with attention and the ability to ignore distractions and switch between tasks —0when compared to people who are fluent in only one language. But, a team of researchers recently obtained a large number of unpublished studies of the effects of being bilingual. They found that the majority (63%) of the studies that supported the bilingual advantage werepublished; however, only 36% of the studies that failed to support the advantage were published.What type of bias is affecting this research on bilingual speakers and why?2. A survey researcher tries selects a random sample of 1000 Americans. In the initial sample, there are equal number of men and women. But women are usually more willing to complete surveys than men. Suppose there is a .8 probability that a woman will take the survey if asked, and a .6 probability that a man will take the survey if askeda. Out of the initial 1000 people selected to be surveyed, approximately howmany men and how many women will complete the survey?b. The survey also asks about education. On average, in the United States, women are more likely to complete a college degree than men are. In this survey data, will the % of Americans with a college degree probably be unbiased or biased upward or biased downward, compared to the true level in the population? Explain your reasoning (no calculations are necessary).c. On average, in the United States, there is almost no difference between men and women in their probability of having ever been married. In this survey data, will the % of Americans who had ever been married beunbiased or biased upward or biased downward, compared to the true level in the population? Explain your reasoning (no calculations are