DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT –WHAT AND WHO?Disaster risk management includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involve: 1. Prevention2. Mitigation3. Preparedness4. Response5. Recovery6. Rehabilitation•Disaster risk management involves all levels of government –decision makers and local government•Non-governmental and community-based organizations play a vital role in the process•Communities themselves are first respondersRATIONALE FOR RISK MANAGEMENT Comprehensive risk management process has the potential to break the cycle of damage and reconstruction when a community is subjected to repeated natural hazards; To be effective, a strategy must be in place and ready for immediate implementation when necessary; This can only be done through advance preparation and planning.DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES Reduce vulnerabilities in the community When sustained over long term, reduce unacceptable risk to acceptable levels and make a community become disaster resistant/resilientDRM REFERS TO A RANGE OF…- Policies- Legislative mandates- Professional practices- Social, structural and non-structural adjustments- Risk transfer mechanisms -to prevent, reduce or minimize the effects of hazards on a communityRANGE OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES Engineering measures (keep hazard away from people) Land use planning & management measures (keep people away from hazard) Control & protection works (modifying the hazard) Early warning (predicting hazard) Preparedness Planning (prepare in anticipation of a hazard event Reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability Mainstreaming risk management in development practice & institutionalizationGOVERNING PRINCIPLES1. MULTI-HAZARD APPROACH2. SELF-RELIANCE3. MULTI-DISCIPLINARY4. MULTI-LEVEL5. PROACTIVEo preparednesso preventive & mitigation-orientedHIERARCHY OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY VIS-À-VIS RESOURCESMultiple Casualty Incident (MCI) - Any event resulting in a number of victims large enough to disrupt the normal course of emergency health care services. “An epidemic of injuries”1. Volcanic Eruption- The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and earthquake generators (faults).2. FIRE- The Philippines continues to experience disastrous fires, often marking some of the worst fire incidents in history.3. Land slide- A huge landslide on the Island of Leyte on the west point of the Islands of the Philippines has caused at least two hundred deaths and 1,500 people are missing, according to the Red Cross. 4. Environmental/Technological Hazards- “Trash slide” The Quezon City government has relocated several families displaced by the landslide that occurred in Barangay Payatas last week due to heavy rains. 5. Hydro-Met Hazards- “FLOOD” Tens of thousands of homes in low-lying areas in Metro Manila, Rizal, Bicol and other parts of the country were submerged by the floods, prompting residents to scramble onto rooftops, awaiting rescue. 6. Maritime Disaster- December 20, 1987, the MV Doña Paz sank, taking with it the lives of over 4,000passengers. It is still the worst maritime disaster in Asia.7. Bombing incident- February 27th marks 15 years after the bombing of the ‘SuperFerry 14’, the deadliest terrorist attack in Philippines, which killed a total of 116 people. The blast occurred on 27 February 2004 in Manila Bay, claiming the title of the world's deadliest terrorist attack at sea until today. 8. Air disaster- April 19, 2000 Air Philippines Flight 541 crashed in the mountains of Mindanao. All 120passengers and crew died.9. Tsunami- A magnitude 8.1 earthquake on August 17, 1976 generated by the movement along the Cotabato trench produced massive tsunami waves as high as nine meters. Around 8,000 people were killedor missing and it is known as the most disastrous tsunami to hit the Philippines in the last four