Directions:Possible essay questions over the Rachels text, chapter one (Introduction and the Minimum Conception of Morality):Possible essay questions over the Rachels text, chapter two (Cultural Relativism):PHIL 105 Spring 2021 Study Guide for Test #1Directions:- Your test will be posted early in the day on Thursday February 25th and is due Friday February 26th by end of day (local time). Late tests may be penalized, per the syllabus.- Please submit your test as per the directions in the Assignment Test page (once it’s posted).- This will be an open-book / open-notebook test. Please note that this means I will grade with very high standards in mind, much more so than for a traditional in-class closed-book test. Also please note that I have a very low tolerance for people cutting and pasting (or even just closely summarizing) Wikipedia, SparkNotes, CliffNotes, etc. I’m looking for you to demonstrate your understanding of the material AS PER THE CLASS, not some random website …- There are a number of questions below; I will pick one of them for you to answer on the test. - Don’t try to guess which question I will ask; it is often random. Study everything and be prepared to answer anything. Obviously, this is different from an in-class closed book test, so don’t worry about memorization, but prepare ahead of time so you can ask questions before the test is posted.- There is no specific length requirement, but do understand that these are essays, and so a few sentences or a couple of paragraphs will simply not do. As a general rule, more is better than less, assuming what you write has substance.- Once I post the test, it is too late to ask any me questions or have discussions with me about the questions or your responses to them, so if you need help, ask in advance. - If anyone requires special accommodations, please let me know ASAP so that I can make arrangements. Since this is take-home, there will not be a need for the usual accommodations (library testing room, extratime), but if there’s anything else that I can help with, let me know.Possible essay questions over the Rachels text, chapter one (Introduction and the Minimum Conception of Morality):- Explain in detail “The Benefits Argument” regarding the Baby Theresa case. Be sure to clearly state and explain the premises and conclusion. Evaluate the argument. Is it a good argument? Why or why not? Are there any problems with either of the premises? Are each of the premises true or false? Are there any terms in the argument that require clarifying? (Note: You don’t have to talk about whether the argument is valid or sound – we didn’t go over validity until after we discussed these cases. Just evaluate them more informally.)- Explain in detail “The Argument That We Should Save as Many as We Can” regarding the Jody and Mary case. Be sure to clearly state and explain the premises and conclusion. Evaluate the argument. Is it a good argument? Why or why not? Are there any problems with either of the premises? Are each of the premises true or false? Are there any terms in the argument that require clarifying? (Note: You don’t have to talk about whether the argument is valid or sound – we didn’t go over validity until after we discussed these cases. Just evaluate them more informally.)- Explain in detail “The Argument from the Wrongness of Discriminating against the Handicapped” regarding the Tracy Latimer case. Be sure to clearly state and explain the premises and conclusion. Evaluate the argument. Is it a good argument? Why or why not? Are there any problems with either of the premises? Are each of the premises true or false? Are there any terms in the argument that require clarifying? (Note: You don’t have to talk about whether the argument is valid or sound – we didn’t go over validity until after we discussed these cases. Just evaluate them more informally.)- Explain in detail Rachel’s “Minimum Conception of Morality.” What is it, and how is it relevant to making moral claims in a philosophically appropriate way?Possible essay questions over the Rachels text, chapter two (Cultural Relativism):- Explain in detail the philosophical theory of cultural relativism. Be sure to discuss the five claims associated with it, and to distinguish it from the social science idea of cultural relativism.- Explain in detail the Cultural Differences argument. Be sure to state clearly and to explain thoroughly the premises and conclusion. Then evaluate the argument: is it sound? Why or why not? (HINT: Be sure to discuss BOTH whether the argument is valid AND if the premise(s) is/are