Urinary System Organs Kidneys Ureters o Production of urine by nephrons o Transfers urine from kidney to bladder Urinary Bladder Urethra o Stores urine then empties through urethra Tissue Surrounding Kidney Renal Capsule Barrier to infection o Dense Irregular o Some smooth muscle elastic fibers Adipose Capsule Cushions kidney Renal Fascia o Fibrous C T Internal Kidney Anatomy Renal Cortex o Contains nephrons Renal Medulla o Urine collecting tubes Renal Pelvis Continuous with ureter o Walls have smooth muscles to move urine Kidneys Nephrons in Cortex Blood processing units o Carry out processes that form urine Nephron Anatomy Glomerulus Tuft of capillaries associated with renal tubule Specialized for filtration Glomerulus Histology Connective tissue replaced by mesangial cells Basal lamina surrounds capillaries Nephron Anatomy Renal Tubule Proximal Tubule o Pars Convoluta o Pars Recta Simple Cuboidal Simple Cuboidal Loop of Henle o Simple Sqaumous Distal Tubule o Pars Convoluta o Pars Recta o Macula Densa Simple Cuboidal Simple Cuboidal Nephron Anatomy Collecting tubule o Receives urine from nephrons Simple cuboidal Calyces Urine Collection Begins Transitional Lamina Propria Smooth muscle Ureters Ureter Histology Mucosa Muscularis Adventia Active transport helps urine movement and prevents backflow Ureter Histology Urinary Bladder Mucosa o Transitional o Lamina propria o Continuous with kidney pelvis Muscularis o 2 Smooth Muscle Sheets Bladder has 3 layers of smooth muscle Inner longitudinal Middle Circular Outer longitudinal Adventia o Fibrous C T Urethra External end changes to stratified squamous Two muscle control voiding o Internal urethral sphincter Involuntary o External urethral sphincter Voluntary Skeletal muscle Female Urethra Mucosa o Transitional un keratinized stratified squamous o Glands of Littre Mucous Secretion o Lamina Propria Fibroelastic o Surrounded by thin vascular erectile coat Muscularis o Smooth muscle Inner longitudinal Outer Circular o Surrounded by sphincter skeletal muscle Male Urethra 3 Regions Histology Prostatic Urethra o Transitional o Ducts o Surrounded by prostate Membranous Urethra o Stratified columnar mixed with pseudostratified o Passes through peritoneal membrane Spongy Urethra o Stratified columnar and some pseudostratified o Becomes stratified squamous o Lamina Propria Fibroelastic Glands of Littre o Passes through penis