LITERATURE REVIEWPROBLEM STATEMENTRESEARCH DESIGNRESEARCH QUESTIONSOBJECTIVESUSES OF HYDROGENADVANTAGES OF HYDROGENDISADVANTAGES OF HYDROGENUSES OF COALADVANTAGES OF COAL USEDISADVANTAGES OF COAL USECONCLUSIONREFERECESPROPOSED RESEARCH TOPIC: WHY THE WORLD SHOULD SWITCH FROM THE USE OF COAL TO HYDROGENRESEARCH PROPOSAL BY: MAATLA RALENYENAID:20001007COURSE CODE: ALSS 201TO:MR MOGOTSIGROUP:CDATE:28 November 2021Contents1BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................... 3LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................... 4PROBLEM STATEMENT....................................................................................................................5RESEARCH DESIGN...........................................................................................................................6RESEARCH QUESTIONS................................................................................................................... 6OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................................................... 6USES OF HYDROGEN........................................................................................................................7ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN....................................................................................................... 8DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN................................................................................................8USES OF COAL................................................................................................................................... 9ADVANTAGES OF COAL USE........................................................................................................10DISADVANTAGES OF COAL USE.................................................................................................10CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................... 11References........................................................................................................................................... 12WHY THE WORLD SHOULD SWITCH FROM THE USE OF COAL TO HYDROGEN2BACKGROUNDHydrogen, unlike coal, is not a primary energy source. When hydrogen is combusted withoxygen, it becomes an energy carrier that can be used in internal combustion engines or fuelcells while emitting almost no greenhouse gases. The only significant emission is water vapor(Offer et al.,2010). Hydrogen can be produced using carbon-free or carbon-neutral energysources or using fossil fuels with CO2 capture and storage (sequestration). As a result, the useof hydrogen may result in the elimination of greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sectorin the long run. From a variety of fuels, fuel cells produce efficient and clean electricity(Hames et al.,2018). They can also be placed near the point of use, allowing the heatgenerated during the process to be used. However, unlike coal, hydrogen's role is moresimilar to that of electricity in that it must first be produced using energy from another sourceand then transported for future use where its latent chemical energy can be fully realized(Fernandez et al.,2018).Hydrogen can be produced using a variety of renewable (hydro,wind, wave, solar, biomass, and geothermal) and non-renewable resources (coal, natural gasand nuclear).It can be stored as a fuel and used in transportation and distributed heat andpower generation systems via fuel cells, internal combustion engines, or turbines, with theonly by-product being water at the point of use. The ability of hydrogen to replace fossil fuelsin transportation could help to solve one of the world's most serious environmental issues.(Jacobson et al. 2005). Automotive exhaust emissions are one of the most significant singlesources of air pollution in the world today, particularly in urban areas, and they alsocontribute significantly to global carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen can also be used as astorage medium for electricity generated from intermittent, renewable resources such as solar,wind, wave, and tidal power; this solves one of the major issues of sustainable energy,namely the perplexing problem of supply intermittency. If the hydrogen is produced fromnon-fossil fuel feedstock, it is a truly "green" fuel (Eriksson et al.,2017). Furthermore, locally3produced hydrogen allows for the introduction of renewable energy into the transportationsector, as well as potentially large economic and energy security benefits and the advantagesof a new infrastructure based on distributed degeneration. This critical component ofhydrogen's energy storage capacity serves as a powerful link between sustainable energytechnologies and a sustainable energy economy, which is commonly referred to as the"hydrogen economy" (Muradov & Veziroglu 2005).LITERATURE REVIEWResearch has been performed on hydrogen as an energy source alternative. According to(Alaswad et al.,2016) Hydrogen has been widely promoted as a future energy carrier. Its useas a fuel has several advantages. It can serve as a renewable energy storage facility from yearto year, it can be used as a transportation fuel reliant on the world's deterioration oil reserves,its combustion produces less byproducts which are water as well as a trace of nitrogen.Hydrogen offers a range of benefits as a clean energy carrier (if produced by ‘‘clean’’sources). Creating a large market for hydrogen as an energy vector offers effective solutionsto both emissions’ control and the security of energy supply. Hydrogen is emission-free at thepoint of final use and thus avoids the transport-induced emissions of both CO2 and airpollutants. Hydrogen could further be used as a storage medium for electricity fromintermittent renewable energies such as wind power (Rezk et al.,2021). Hydrogen, as a cleanand low-carbon new energy, can help the difficult-to-decarbonize industry to achieve the goalof carbon emission reduction; hydrogen energy has enriched the way of renewable energystorage at a lower cost, which can help renewable energy to regulate energy fluctuations andpromote energy diversified structure and