Reading Questions ANTH3590-002Week 3 ProfessorEric WernerBordwell: Chapters 6 & 7Spring 20191) What is the most common way to join to sections of film?Cuts, visual transformations when scenes are joined together to look like simultaneous actions,are the most common way to join sections of film.2) How does accelerated, rhythmic editing effect a scene?Filmmakers use this technique to heighten the intensity of a moment, creating a stressed,accented scene.3) What is one of the three principal ways an editor can create an ellipsis to address time?Elliptical editing shows action in such a way that it uses less time on the screen than in the story.A director can do this by using a punctuation shot change, like a dissolve, wipe or fade. Adirector can also use empty frames and also cutaways: a shot of another event somewhere elsethat will last a shorter length than the action.4) What is the 180° rule in editing (this also applies to mise-en-scene)?The space of a scene is often constructed along the axis of action at the 180° line. The scene’saction is assumed to have taken place along this half-circle, where the camera can be placed toshow the action. The filmmaker then plans and edits shots to respect this half-circle, 180° line,and the mis-en-scence in each shot will be changed to portray that 180°space.5) What is a montage sequence(often referred to as montage)?When filmmakers select, edit, and combine separate portions of film to make acontinuous-seeming whole.6) According to Bordwell, what does Eisenstein's editing (in October, for example) ask us asviewers to do with story events?Einstein often use discontinuities in his editing that are said to stimulate viewers’ sense,emotions, and thinking. This discontinuous editing makes a disorienting set of images, but makesthe audience actively assemble the events of the film, making for a more engaged film.7) What are the three types of sound in cinema?Loudness- the sound’s amplitude or breadth, pitch- the frequency of sound vibrations and theperceived highness or lowness of sound, and timbre- the harmonic components of sound, makeup the three types of sound in cinema.8) What are the four facets of film sound?Rhythm, fidelity, space, time make up the facets of film sound.9) What is asynchronous sound?Asynchronous sound is out-of-sync sound in film, which creates imaginative effects for theaudience .10) What is one way that Christopher Nolan leverages voice-over narration in The Prestige?Christopher Nolan uses voice-over narration to create a dramatic, omniscient presence throughout