Lecture study guide 2 Visual learner Click the link https docs google com presentation d 1wsgyo8LFB8o31OwhCmVLZYDJe8rFYBrI9gR3Xl7jTH4 edit us p sharing Where does photosynthesis occur in most trees The leaves Where does the petiole rest on most trees It is the bridge from the branch to the leaf Flattened leaves do what They maximize the ability to do more photosynthesis What are stipules Outgrowths at the base of the petiole may be leaf forming ot modified as spine Parallel veins are found in and web veins are found in monocot dicot What do petioles attach to branches Differentiate between compound and simple leaves Compound leaves attach to central stem and petiole doesn t extend off a compound leaf is many leafs with many leaflets Entire leaf surface is covered by cells and it has a waxy The cuticle is a waxy layer made of cells and the underside of leaves have stomata epidermal cuticle cutin Plants take in an let out Co2 o2 sometimes happens when water is pulled out of the plant evapotranspiration Where does photosynthesis take place Mesophyll which is a modified parenchyma twoish rows of tightly shaped column cells It is on the light side of the leaf THey are tightly packed and loaded with chloroplasts They have a lot of light filtering so they must be tightly knit Palisade mesophyll is loosely packed and gases can move freely around typically true of dicots dicots tend to be more complex Spongy mesophyll Give an example of a modified leaf Cactus spines What side of the leaf is there more palisade mesophyll on Sun side this is because the tighter knit mesophyll prevents evapotranspiration What side of the leaf is there more spongy mesophyll on and why Shade side this is because the shade side of the leaf is less likely to have evapotranspiration occur meaning it is a better vessel for the exchange of gases What resists temp change more water or air Water that is why it is a good substrate to live in Explain how constancy of water makes it an ideal environment for life and how lack of water could be a possible problem Because water temperature changes aren t extreme it provides protection against the sun and it also allows for dispersal of spores easier Gametes dry out outside of water and cannot move what structure allowed for plants to move outside of water and what are their functions Xylem and phloem and rhizoids They provide water and nutrients and also allow for anchorage Gametes zygotes and embryos are hypersensitive what reproductive part of the plant body is resilient Spores they are tough Why are males genetically cheaper to produce They are much smaller and easier to make What is the limiting factor in the reproduction of plants Female gametes What is the plant life cycle like There is the gametophyte stage which produces gametes and the gametes produce sporophytes then the sporophytes produce spores which develop into gametes Gametophytes create which create which create which create gametophytes There is the gametophyte stage which produces gametes and the gametes produce sporophytes then the sporophytes produce spores which develop into gametes The sporophyte is in a stage whereas the gametophyte is in a stage Diploid which means it is 2n haploid which is 1n Describe the following aspect of the algae life cycle 1 Is the sporophyte body or the gametophyte body what is often seen 2 Is the haploid or diploid stage longer 3 How does the algae sperm disperse to the female reproductive system 4 Draw a diagram 1 The gametophyte body is often what is seen 2 The haploid cell because the gametophyte is the dominant part of the algaes life It disperses through water 3 4 What is the oogonium and what is the structure and function of it Oogonium is the female gamete of Chara it s function is to develop into a sporophyte and it s structure is five crownlike protrusions Why is it so impertinent for land plants to be able to develop mechanisms to aid in dispersal of spores if they need water to move their sperm anyways They need it to disperse spores because they rely on water to move sperm to the female gametes however they require air to move the spores so they do not inbreed Describe the 5 steps in the cycle of moss IS the gametophyte bigger in mosses or the sporophytes The gametophyte it is the photosynthetic green structure Does the gametophyte go through mitosis or meiosis What about the sporophyte The gametophyte body goes through mitosis the gametes produced by gametophytes go through mitosis however when they are fertilized they become a sporophyte which undergoes mitosis and then they divide into spores which are haploid when spores land they become gametophytes which undergo mitosis Explain why the dispersal of spores is such an effective way to spread a species It is effective because it is able to move further than just floating on top of water Explain why it is not effective and can sometimes not work Sometimes the wind does not blow and sometimes they can inbreed and they might not go very far Describe the similarity between the bryophytes and the lycophytes and horsetails in the way they reproduce They are all dependent on water for fertilization Can sporophytes live free of the gametophyte In some plants the earlier clades of non vasccular land plants rely on the gametophyte body to be photosynthetic and support the sporophyte body however in the later clades the sporophyte body is the larger structure and dependent of the gametophyte body Describe the processes of a fern life cycle and provide a picture Now why is spore production a bit more difficult than seed dispersal Spores require wind Seed dispersal happens much easier due to pollinators and pollen How does the elimination of water in the process of reproduction beneficial to plants They can rely on the wind and other pollinators substrates in order to fertilize like bees What is a pollen grain A pollen grain is a protective structure that encases the pollen inside Explain how pollen is an evolutionary step for the dispersal of more plants Pollen can stick to fur blow in the wind it can float etc Is the gametophyte or sporophyte bigger on pollen producing plants The sporophyte What is the life cycle of a gymno and angiosperm and draw a diagram The actual embryo is encased in a nutritious layer which is the and then an outer which is the protective layer Gametophyte seed coat sporophyte Describe the alternation of generations and it s evolution In the earlier clades and chara the sporophyte generation
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