Highways paid for by gas taxWe have transportation systems to facilitate life’s needsw/o a functioning TP cities are impossibletransportation: movement of people, goods, information etc in by means/ modes across the spacefrom location to locationtransportation is geographicalwhere they arefunctionformhow ppl interact and move aboutUnifying themes : Accessibilityhow easy is it to reach one place or places from one another **Accessibility differentialsAre some places more accessible than others?“people”Policy levers when things need to be changedTransportation is related to many contemporary problemsProblem/Issue 1: Congestion-in some large cities, est that ppl spend 100+ extra hours a year in congestiona “top 3” municipal issue at the city/county/regional governmental levelsurvey from ppl often show this problem with ppl everywherenot always just congestion but also how the city might be set upcity activities have an impact on congestion maybe not necessarily layoutsolutions not clear constrained resources, issues with highway construction env impactsProblem/Issue 2: Environmental ImpactsTransportation systems are largely petroleum based green house emissions bc they produce carbon as wellHow are the transportation systems impacting the env?How to minimize impacts?Resource issues, sustainability, alternative sources?Problem/Issue 3: Globalization“Connectedness” of nations, markets, economies, etctransportation (physical and virtual) facilities connectionsNow our degree of connectedness raises concerns about securityWho studies geography?Computers, stats, became more scientificCivil engineers, economists, planners, psychologists, sociologists, natural resources, env scientists“transportationist” specialist in transportationHow do people study transportation?Derived demand people don’t just drive to do it. They do it to go somewhere. The value of transportation is derived from the need to do something else.To travel, go to work, go shopping, go to school, medical services, friends all activates that we partake inTransportation is our way to get thereTrips have an origin and destinationEarliest form of transportation planning” focused on predicting trips in placesKnown as the 4 step modelModel to predict trips to places and used in order to make changes to a specific area. Use the model to test it out*large zones= home locations are represented by these. An abstraction of realityTAZ traffic analysis zonesUsed to estimate travel picture in urban areasStepsTrip generation- how many trips producedTrip distribution- where do trips go?Modal Split- what modes of transit do trips take?Trip Assignment – what route do trips take?Productions (homes, residential areas) and attractions (jobs, commercial, entertainment, food etc)Use surveys to find out this info neededModelsGravity model- places with more productions and attractions will interact morePlaces closer together will interact moreTransportation geography: sub discipline of geography that is concerned with the movements of people, freight and information. The nature and purpose of movements.Spatial structure how things are arrangedLocationsDistanceFixednessAttributesRelativity (closeness)Dynamism (interaction)Node: point on landscapeSite: about the location itselfLike, how many people on FSU’s campus?Situation: more relative context what is it near?*both applied to different scales”: local, regional, globalDimensions of TGHistoryTransport brought many transport technologiesDev. Of modern nation statesEconomicTransport and economic development (indirect and directly)Factor in the production of goods and servicesInfluences land valueContributes to the specialization of regionsSocialAccess to healthcare, welfare, and cultural eventsShape social interactionsPoliticalNation building and unityRules and regulationsMobility subsidizedEnvironmentalImpactsPollutions and exploitation of natural resourcesOperational differences btwn passengers and freight transportationPassengers: w/o assistance, process info, make choices irrationallyFreight: must be manually loaded and transferred, info processed through logistics managers, makes choices rationally.Commuting, shopping, recreation  short tripsWaste, disposal mediumBusiness, tourism and migration-long distanceDerived Demand ( we don’t do transportation for our own sake)Activity:workingvacationingmanufacturingDirectCommuting, taxi, plane, bus, trucks, containersIndirectEnergyWarehousingDistance vs TimeTransportation costs are often measure by distance or timeNot to be confused with one anotherTime is a relative concept, distance is absoluteTravel time if diff. from place to place (urban vs rural)Representations of distanceTransport distance (network)TransshipmentChanges modes of transportationVMT= vehicle miles traveledMeasurement of how much transportation consumptionBreaks down through age and gender in the USTransportation routes are tied to the evolution of early civilizationsHow long it used to take to circumnavigate the globe ( World Transport System)Time space Convergence: time and space become oneIdea that: can consume or move more in space per unit of timeMail timeTransportation and communication costs are going downGate way and hubsGateway: border function, implied mode change (ex: Ellis Island), coastal loacationMore restrictive termHub: no modal change, not really about borders, more inland (central),Urban form: the pattern of land usesEmploymentLand usesInfrastructureCommuting = journey to work trip ONLYNot to school or leisurely activitiesConcentric Ring ModelLand use determined by land prices or rentsDidn’t explain the pattern anomaliesSector and Nuclei Urban land use ModelsHow different disctricts are laid out in a citySub nodes of activityHybrid Land use ModelIncorporates models of all three modelsTransportation influence the way that cities growCBD is not the only area of activityLand get cheaper as you move away from down townAS you move away from the CBD value of land use goes downCentral Business districtScales of Special Organization and TransportationGlobalRegionalLocal- how things play out on the different levels of a citySpatial OrganizationCentral places in urban areasCBD, Regional Center, Neighborhood Center, Local CenterUrban Structure5.19.14Public Transportation-Rider ship- # of ppl who use PTusually not a huge % of people-Multi modal- car, bus, rail, pedestrian-In a fully function in a Urban TS there are