OSU H 385 - Week 1 and 2 notes

H 385 week 1 and 2 notesWeek 1:19th century economy• The industrial revolution (1860s –1890s)– Occupational safety and health not a priority– Laws were non-existent• Industries– Construction, steel, textiles, and mining– Factory and machine centeredHistorical perspective• 1877 – Massachusetts– 1st safety and health legislation• Required guarding of belts, shafts, and gears• Fire exits in factories• 1883 – 12 states with similar safety legislations– Factory inspections– Limit health hazardsTriangle Shirtwaist Fire (March 25, 1911) – 146 young, mostly females garment workers fell to their deaths while escaping a locked sweat shop.• 1884 U.S. Bureau of Labor– Legislation to protect worker safety and health not a priority– Published studies of occupational fatalities and illnesses in “dusty trades”• 1906 - early surveys of workplace fatalities– Allegheny County, Pennsylvania– 526 workers died;– 195 were steelworkers1997 – 17 steelworker fatalities in the U.S.Historical perspective - State of Oregon• 1903 - Legislative Assembly– Bureau of Labor Statistics– Inspector of Factories and Workshops• 1910 – Employer’s Liability Law– Applies to “hazardous industries,” requires an employer to provide a safe place of employmentHistorical perspective - Mining• Occupational accidents in the coal mining industry– Early 1900s – over 2,000 mining-related fatalities annually• 329 per 100,000 mine workers– Collapsing mine roofs and wall and explosions– No safety regulationsMonongah, WV mine disaster- Dec 6, 1907- Coal mine explosion362 men and boys killed1997 – 25 per 100,000 mine related fatalitiesHistorical perspective• 1910 – Dr. John Andrews publishes report showing the dangers of white phosphorous– Phosphorous necrosis or “phossy jaw”– Exposure to white phosphorous from matches• Toothaches• Swelling of the gums• Jawbone abscess• Bone necrosis• Organ failure• Death 1913 – law signed creating the U.S. Department of Labor – Cabinet-level departmentFrancis Perkins – 1stSecretary of Labor– Extensive experience from State of NY Occupational and Safety and Health Program•”Assure that workplaces would be as safe as science and law can make them”– Created the Bureau of Labor Standards• Promote safety and health for working people• Foundation for OSHA• 1950s– annual illnesses/injuries/fatalities– 2.5 million job-related disabilities– 14,000 occupational fatalities• 1960s – annual illnesses/injuries/fatalities– > 4 million job-related injuries and illnesses reported– 5,600 occupational fatalities• Rising industries – chemical industry, transportation and health care– Motor vehicle accidents– Patient care related• 1969 – Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act– Black lung disease-prolonged exposure to coal dust – Widespread miners strike for compensation for blank lung and mine disasters– 1977 – Mine Safety and Health Act extended the authority to all mines beyond coalToday - millions at risk worldwide• 1960s- social and political movements that propelled reform and worker’s rights– Environmental movement• “what are the effects of chemicals in our environment and our health”– Civil rights movement• “the rights of each individual are important”• Dec 29, 1970 - The Occupational Safety and Health Act–“assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions”– Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)– National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)1 out of 4 workers exposed to hazardous conditionsQuiz 1: 1. Which of the following is not a Mandate of OSHA?A: Conduct risk assessments at job sites.2. Organizations with 10 or more workers must keep a log of workplace injuries and illnesses?A: True3. Which of the following OSHA forms must be posted in the workplace for employees to view?A: Form 300A Summary of Work Related Injuries and Illnesses. 4. States with their own OSHA program may implement standards that are less stringent than federal standards?A: False5. Which of the following refers to Health and Safety Standards for the General Industry?A: Title 29 CFR, Part 19106. Which of the following refers to Health and Safety Standards for Construction?A: Title 29 CFR, Part 19267. What subpart (SP) of 29 CFR Part 1910 covers hazardous materials?A: SP H8. What subpart (SP) of 29 CFR Part 1926 covers Fall Protection?A: SP M9. Which of the following workplace injuries/illnesses requires recording?A: Worker loses consciousness, on-the-job death occurs, worker receives medical treatment beyond first aid. 10. A medical examination is NOT required for workers before they begin working with hazardous materials?A: False. Week 2:Lecture: Quiz 2:1. According to OSHA regulations, workers have the right to which of the following?A: File a complaint with OSHA, To participate in OSHA inspections occurring at the workplace, have access to their personal exposure and medical records2. Which of the following is not protected under OSHA?A: A self-employed carpenter.3. Under OSHA, employers are required to do which of the following?A: Provide safety training to employees, keep records of injuries and illnesses for organizations with 10 or more employees, provide and pay for personal protective equipment.4. According to the priority of inspections, which of the following is in the order from highest priority to lowest?A: Imminent Danger, complaint, programmed, emphasis.5. In the hierarchy of controls, which is the correct order from most effective to least?A: Elimination, Substitution, Administrative. Week 3:Lecture: Guest Speaker:4 requirements to hand out a citation:1. Rule Violation2. Hazard must exist3. Exposure to hazard4. Error in knowledgeHow many years would it take to inspect all job sites in Oregon?A: 30 years What are the 5 levels of hierarchy of controls?A: Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Personal Protective Equipment. (Highest to Lowest). 1 example of a direct casual agent for an accident/incident.A: Pinch Point by heavy equipmentName 2 examples of an indirect cost of an injury.A: Lost productivity, worker morale decreaseName 2 examples of a direct cost of an injury.A: Medical cost, management cost. Quiz 3:1. What type of injury is commonly associated with poor ergonomic design? A: Tendonitis2. What risk factors