The Habsburgs went into a decline, and the decline sped up into the 19th century.1835: Ferdinand became the ruler of Austria, purely by hereditary succession.1848: Revolutions throughout Europe and the lands of AustriaEthnically diverse:Germans (largest minority), Hungarians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenes. Along with religious groupsNone of them being a majority, just large minoritiesDon’t have a lot in common, do not like each other very muchCommon trait: tradition of living under Habsburg ruleAustria (Habsburg empire) almost exploded. Held together, and clear that Ferdinand had to go. So, his 18-year-old nephew, Franz Josef, was made emperor. Ruled until death in 1916Longest living serving monarch after LouisMarries an Elizabeth of GermanyDoes a lot of traveling, only has one childKilled by an anarchistK. Von Metternich (1809-1848) has to go as Foreign Minister well. F. Zu Schwarzenberg takes overWhile getting ready for a white tie affair, he dies from a stroke (1852)Almost immediately, Austria will be confronted by a series of test1854, Crimean War: Russia goes to war against Turkey. Great Britain and France help turkey. Russia expects Austria to help and they do, even though it was a mistakeMinister of the Interior, Alexander Bach, takes overItalian crisis in 1859. War with Bismarck in 1866.Austrians are doing badlyFranz Josef and Elizabeth have a son, RudolfMarry him off to a Belgian princess, very dullMeets 17 year old Maria Vetsera, her nickname was “The Turf Goddess”Rudolf asked her “How would you like to never be forgotten?”January of 1889, they committed suicide togetherHeir to the throne is now a cousin, Franz FerdinandDespised by Franz JosefMarried, not a German/princess, but a Czech commoner, Sophie SarajevoDie side by side, assassinated in 1914Austria had no power in Italy, no influence in Germany. Clear they had to do something different.1867, AshleighDivision of the empire of government purposesSigned in 1867, changed government of Austria so that it was divided (north and west, governed by Germans) (east and south by Hungarians)Germans and Hungarians ruled over other ethnic groups, referred to them as “barbarians”For war and international trade, emperor was sin charge of everythingNew prime minister, Anton SchmerlingTried to balance ethnic groupsBalkan Peninsula (between Austria-Hungary and Greece)Various Slavic groups who are slowly winning their independenceMost aggressive of them: SerbiaSlavicSaw Russia as a big brotherDated back into the 1100s, middle agesWanted to create a country made up of all people who spoke Serbo-CroatianLanguage of south-SlavsSerbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegrins, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Slovakia1878, Austria-Hungary gained the right to occupy, but not annex, Bosnia-Herzegovina1908, Austria-Hungary annexes B-H. Even farther off limits for Serbs.Serbia tries to conquer everything round it in the Balkans and makes enormous progressSerbia and Austria are both bigger and more powerfulFranz and Sophie go far away from Vienna, so that he can do whatever he wants regardless of his wife’s previous social classBlack HandTrained assassins/terroristsHeaded to Seriaivo to assassinate Franz and Sophie in 1914From the beginning, it was clear that Serbia was involved with thisAustria-Hungary has to retaliate, but, Russia is the big brother of SerbiaIf they attack Serbia, Russia will defend SerbiaHitler goes to Vienna to study art with the ideas of anti-Semitism and with the idea that Germans are right and everybody else is wrong.Fall of the Habsburgs 04/01/2014The Habsburgs went into a decline, and the decline sped up into the 19th century.1835: Ferdinand became the ruler of Austria, purely by hereditary succession. 1848: Revolutions throughout Europe and the lands of AustriaEthnically diverse:- Germans (largest minority), Hungarians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenes. Along with religious groups- None of them being a majority, just large minorities- Don’t have a lot in common, do not like each other very much- Common trait: tradition of living under Habsburg ruleAustria (Habsburg empire) almost exploded. Held together, and clear that Ferdinand had to go. So, his 18-year-old nephew, Franz Josef, was made emperor. Ruled until death in 1916- Longest living serving monarch after Louis- Marries an Elizabeth of Germanyo Does a lot of traveling, only has one childo Killed by an anarchistK. Von Metternich (1809-1848) has to go as Foreign Minister well. F. Zu Schwarzenberg takes over- While getting ready for a white tie affair, he dies from a stroke (1852)- Almost immediately, Austria will be confronted by a series of test1854, Crimean War: Russia goes to war against Turkey. Great Britain and France help turkey. Russia expects Austria to help and they do, even though it was a mistakeMinister of the Interior, Alexander Bach, takes over- Italian crisis in 1859. War with Bismarck in 1866. - Austrians are doing badlyFranz Josef and Elizabeth have a son, Rudolf- Marry him off to a Belgian princess, very dull- Meets 17 year old Maria Vetsera, her nickname was “The Turf Goddess”o Rudolf asked her “How would you like to never be forgotten?”- January of 1889, they committed suicide togetherHeir to the throne is now a cousin, Franz Ferdinand- Despised by Franz Josef- Married, not a German/princess, but a Czech commoner, Sophie Sarajevo - Die side by side, assassinated in 1914Austria had no power in Italy, no influence in Germany. Clear they had to do something different. - 1867, Ashleigho Division of the empire of government purposeso Signed in 1867, changed government of Austria so that it was divided (north and west, governed by Germans) (east and south by Hungarians) Germans and Hungarians ruled over other ethnic groups, referred to them as “barbarians”- For war and international trade, emperor was sin charge of everythingNew prime minister, Anton Schmerling- Tried to balance ethnic groupsBalkan Peninsula (between Austria-Hungary and Greece)- Various Slavic groups who are slowly winning their independence- Most aggressive of them: Serbia o Slavic o Saw Russia as a big brothero Dated back into the 1100s, middle ageso Wanted to create a country made up of all people who spoke Serbo-Croatian  Language of south-Slavs Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegrins, Bosnia,Herzegovina, Slovakia 1878, Austria-Hungary gained the right to occupy, but not annex, Bosnia-Herzegovina1908, Austria-Hungary annexes B-H. Even farther off limits