Western Civ 2 Leslie Hammond Jordan Campeau Structure of Society Old Regime God gives monarch earthly responsibility GOD L A N D Clergy Charter merchants Monarch Monarch takes care of those beneath Gets benefit of a nation Monarch gives authority to art Aristocracy Art protect peasants administer law allow peasants to live on land tell them how to farm Peasants In exchange for art s services peasants must pay half fruits and then some merchants GOD Monarch C h a r t e r Aristocracy Clergy Charter merchants Guilds Masters Journeymen Apprentices merchants About the model differences from today Governed by stasis little wiggle room stay at the same level you were born Little physical mobilty travel dangerous uncomfortable hard Local economy Most goods came from your town or a neighboring town Focused on passing info from one generation to the next Father s skills to son Master to apprentice King Louis XIV wanted to keep strict absolutism Old Regime Offered to drop feudal fees from aristrocracy as long as they gave up governing powers Built Palace of Versailles in order to watch what was going within aristocracy Great Cat Massacre Doesn t follow patrimonial model Masters discard apprentices instead of caring for them 1 14 14 England is going to destroy divine right and absolutism Limited monarchy Absolute King all powers and can say they are from God Constitutional King derives power from the law Shift to constitutionalism Constitutional property rights were in the past Shift to absolutism in property rights Wanted to move from subsistence agriculture to profitable agriculture Land is no longer oriented to taking care of those on it but profit 1603 Elizabeth the Great daughter of Henry VIII died 90 of England was Protestant A de facto relationship existed between Liz Hank Parliament A partnership per se Who will succeed Elizabeth Her cousin James VI Scotland James I England True Law of Free Monarchy 1598 sort of preceded his reign Said a Monarch is absolute free to make any choices w o consulting parliament Can see where conflict will set in Coronation Tunnage Poundage sets a rate of pay based on a percentage of the weight of imports James doesn t like this He wants to be paid based on the value of the imports If the King wants to pay himself that makes him absolute Parliament worried because James does not seem very Protestant Past catholic rulers poor results Thomas Hobbes was born as his mother heard about the Spanish armada sailing towards England She went into labor He claims that he and fear were born as twins Thomas Hobbes was born as his mother heard about the Spanish armada sailing towards England She went into labor He claims that he and fear were born as twins High church close to Catholicism Low church close to Protestant rid of ornamentation rid of saints non catholic James I tries to move back to high church Parliament full of Puritans Puritan Revolution James showed favor to aristocrats in Parliament that simpathized with his religious ideas Gave monopoly charters Puritans couldn t innovate or set up new businesses didn t fit in the current charters couldn t get a charter if they wanted to anyways Religious Economic Conflict building High church close to CatholicismLow church close to Protestant rid of ornamentation rid of saints non catholicReligious Economic Conflict building James I dies ruled 1603 1625 Tunnage Poundage Son Charles I takes the throne Parliament decides to make this an annual process Paid based on yearly performance Within 3 years the relationship between Charles I Parliament is BAD 1628 Petition of Right only taxes passed by parliament are legal The King cannot compel loans he can still get loans but he cannot use his power to gain them Prohibited arbitrary imprisonment ex if they disagree w the King Prohibited use of marshall law in a time of peace What will Charles do What will Charles do Just stop calling Parliament 1629 1640 BUT He needs Parliament to collect taxes tunnage poundage etc So He ll collect the taxes himself 1634 Collects Ship Money an old tax during peace time from everyone 11 years w o parliament hatred between Charles I puritans as well as the majority of people 1637 wanted to build up his reign in Scotland Scotland is low church Presbyterian they resist any sort of high church government Uprising Just stop calling Parliament 1629 1640 Uprising need for money SO Charles I must call Parliament after 11 years Parliament is not so happy They abolish the King s law court redeal all recent taxes execute King s head minister don t give King money create a law to forbid the King from disbanding parliament King must call Parliament at least every 3 years Triennial Act 1641 Move towards a more Anglican church Parliament Long Parliament Charles still at odds Charles finds a tutor for his son Thomas Hobbes Civil War begins in 1642 People on Charles side Cavaliers People against Charles Roundheads Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell established a different form of army The New Model Army The New Model Army Remodeling of the army causes many to think society may need a remodel as well Equalitarian aspects emerge Levelers want to make society level begin to advocate change Cromwell doesn t like the levelers nor non radical people in parliament Pride s purge got rid of 500 parliament members Rump Parliament the leftover 83 1649 King Charles put on trial for treason Sentenced to death death by beheading Execution still reflects some hierarchy Commoners executed by hanging actually seen as entertaining social event bettting Aristocracy and higher died by beheading death by broad axe these people have a little more and actually pay the executioner to do a good job fast painless King Charles even higher status so he received a different method of death by sword couldn t find a skilled enough swordsman so They outsourced and had a French swordsman do it After King Charles s Execution House of Lordes abolished H o L made up of Peers higher aristocracy got rid of the king got rid of the monarchy got rid of the king s biggest fans the high aristocracy Changed England to a Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector governed with Rump Parliament of 70 Property rights are becoming less absolute if you have land you can do what you please with it one area of land for everyone the Commons Beginning of enclosure movement Desire to enclose the commons for profit would take the commons away from others need congressional approval Cromwell disperses the