AAFS 219 219Z STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM Students should refer to lectures from April 1 to May 5 and the following readings from The African American Odyssey Ch 1 3 5 6 pp 200 203 9 11 14 17 and pp 424 438 1 13th Amendment Abolished slavery except in cases of involuntary servitude 2 14th Amendment Established definition of U S Citizenship ratified 1868 3 15th Amendment Ratified 1870 Granted African American males the right to vote 4 Hiram Revels 1st African American U S Senator from Mississippi served one year 5 Blanche Bruce 1st African American Senator to serve a full term elected from Mississippi was removed from office 6 P B S Pinchback Served one month as governor in Louisiana after the white governor 7 Reconstruction Acts Led by radical republicans congress divided the south into five military districts Each former confederate state except Tennessee was to frame a new state constitution and establish a new state government The first reconstruction acts provided for universal manhood suffrage which granted the right to vote to all males including black men 8 Robert Smalls African American Congressman who stole a Confederate gunboat as a slave during the Civil War elected from South Carolina 9 Freedmen s Bureau Federal agency during Reconstruction that assisted African Americans in land education and relief 10 Radical Republicans Members of the Republican Party during reconstruction who vigorously supported the rights of African Americans to vote to hold public office and to have the same legal and economic opportunities as white people 11 Port Royal Experiment Established in South Carolina during the Civil War it granted freed slaves land and established Freedmen schools 12 40 Acres and A Mule Slogan that noted effort of compensation of Freedmen via land reform 13 Special Field Order 15 Attempt by Gen William Sherman to grant slaves land between Jacksonville Fla and Charleston SC before the end of the Civil War 14 Freedmen s Bureau Federal agency during Reconstruction that assisted African Americans in land education and relief 15 Ku Klux Klan Reconstruction era Domestic terrorist organization started in 1865 that targeted African Americans via extreme violence and intimidation 16 Compromise of 1877 the federal government allowed the removal of U S Troops in the south sent to protect African Americans 17 Sharecropping Mostly African American migrant workers bound to oppressive work contracts with landowners 18 Jim Crow Name of minstrel performer that became name for racial segregation in America 19 White Primary primary elections in the southern states in which any non white voter was prohibited form participating in 20 Poll Tax Disfranchisement measure of paying a fee to participate in voting 21 Literacy Test Disfranchisement measure given to see if one was competent to vote 22 Racial Etiquette Addressing whites with titles stepping out of whites way on a sidewalk etc 23 Crop Lien black and white farmers purchased good on credit from local merchants The merchants demanded collateral in the form of a Lien of Crop typically cotton If the farmer failed to repay the loan the merchant had the legal right to seize the crop 24 Convict Labor System African American prisoners rented to private corporations in the South served as a replacement for slave labor 25 Slaughterhouse Case 1873 1873 Supreme Court case that strictly interpreted 14th Amendment supported states rights 26 Plessy vs Ferguson 1896 1896 U S Supreme Court case upheld racial segregation 27 Civil Rights Cases 1883 U S Supreme Court case in 1883 declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional 28 Tulsa Riot 1921 Alleged assault of a white woman by an African American man resulted in the destruction of Black Wall Street in 1921 29 Lynchings Brutal practice of killing African Americans via mob violence used to enforce social political and economic control 30 Booker T Washington Leader of Tuskegee Institute advocated African Americans learning work skills and trades and not challenge racial segregation 31 W E B DuBois Educator and activist helped to establish the NAACP and advocated agitation for civil rights and social equality for African Americans 32 Atlanta Compromise Speech was an address on the topic of race relations given by Booker T Washington The speech laid the foundation for the Atlanta Compromise 33 Talented Tenth Theory introduced by W E B DuBois that argued that African American intellectual elites needed to be cultivated into leaders via a liberal arts education 34 Niagara Movement Established in 1905 served as the predecessor for the NAACP 35 NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People It is a civil rights organization formed in 1909 Its mission is to ensure the political educational social and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination 36 Red Summer 1919 When racial violence erupted in Chicago and elsewhere 37 Great Migration Mass movement of African Americans from the South to the urban North beginning in the early 1900s 38 Langston Hughes One of the earliest innovators in the new literary art from of jazz poetry Was best known as the leader of the Harlem Renaissance 39 Claude McKay Wrote the poem We Must Die She settled in New York City and was Jamaican The poem was in response to the attacks by whites during the Red Summer 40 Jazz Jazz in Harlem and the Jazz age took place in the 1920 s The entertainers musicians singers and dancers had a huge part in Jazz It helped give African Americans a voice 41 Zora Neale Hurston She was a famous author Most known for her novel their Eyes Were Watching God composer 42 Duke Ellington was a pivotal figure in the history of jazz He was a jazz musician and 43 Louis Armstrong An American Jazz Trumpeter and singer He was a foundation influence in jazz changing to focus of music to solo performances 44 Marcus Garvey A Jamaican political leader Was a major proponent in Black Nationalism and Pan Africanism movements He founded the Univeral Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League UNIA ACL 45 UNIA Universal Negro Improvement Association Founded by Marcus Garvey 46 Cotton Club Harlem s most exclusive and fashionable nightspot Opened in 1923 by a white gangster named Owney Madden The club peddled illegal beer it catered to white people but was waited by blacks 47 Joe Louis An American professional boxer and the World Heavyweight Champion from 1937 1949 Nicknamed the