Liberalism to free Jeremy Bentham 1748 1832 Liberalism Utility Best policy is one that makes greatest good for greatest number usually practicality and not morality Often leaders in anti slavery movement better prison conditions and better education Capitalism does not agree with slavery because it reduces the market and potential profit makes no economic sense Prison also defeats the purpose of capitalism tax payers pay for criminals to go to prison where they learn to become better criminals so when they are released they can get thrown back in This only takes away money from the market Criminals need to be released with full capacity to become a balanced part of the economy Only logical rational way to vote is to make it so that only the people who know what they are taking about are allowed to take part Socialism Robert Owen 1771 1858 What ideas individuals may attach to the term Millennium I know not but I know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime without poverty with earth greatly improved with little if any misery and with intelligence and happiness increased a hundredfold and no obstacle whatsoever intervenes at this moment except ignorance to prevent such a state of society from becoming universal Socialists sought to change not reform society Divided society into capitalists and working class Believed in freeing women Women will never be equal because of their ability to bear children Socialists are pro choice pro contraceptive pro divorce Others include St Simon and Fourier If you don t have money you are not equal money is power Romanticism Mostly artistic movement which glorified nature emotion and genius No logical reason why people are gravitated toward specific people Glorified the natural talents of people Challenged the reliance on reason and rational thought Generally nationalistic Lord Byron William Wordsworth C D Friedrich Nationalism Exemplified in Napoleon s French Empire People derive their identities from their nation of a common language tradition possibly religion Nationalism great threat to established monarchies like Russia Austria Hungary as minority groups wished to form their own nations Charles Darwin 1809 1882 Did not question how life started only how it changed after it was created Darwin s Contemporaries Cuvier FR and Blumenbach GR described extinct mammals and shellfish Lamarck gradual transition from inanimate matter to perfection Charles Lyell Principles of Geology believed in uniformitarianism Herbert Spencer Railroad engineer progress forms less to more complex Critics said of him overtime things get better progress is positive inevitable scientific fact the future will always be better Darwin s Life Born in Shrewsbury England Grandfather Erasmus also a biologist 1831 36 served as naturalist on voyage of the Beagle around the world 1858 on seeing paper by Alfred Russell Wallace who advocated natural selection Darwin presents his work to Linnean society 1859 publishes On the Origin of Species Darwinian Theory Transmutation Common ancestor Struggle for existence Natural selection Sexual selection Biogeographic distribution Heredity Most of these ideas were borrow refined by Darwin not original Karl Marx 1818 1883 Marx believes that you can only be happy with wealth wealth is how the world runs Your life is dependent on the person who is providing your income Marx disagreed with religion Religion vs Corporate Wealth Afterlife vs Comfortable life on earth Fredrick Engles Marx s Life Born in Trier Prussia Grandparents Jewish parents Lutheran Married wealthy Jenny von Westphalen Studied law philosophy involved in radical journalism Chased out of Prussia moved to Paris then London 1848 wrote Communist Manifesto Formed 1st International 1887 published v 1 Das Kapital Marx s ideas Like Darwin many borrowed ideas esp from German philosopher Hegel and Adam Smith Main tenets History progresses through necessary series of conflicts physical world accounts for reality Materialism Socialism and public ownership of economic production Market forces determine economic activity How do you get someone to not overthrow you Smoke and Mirrors In a world in which wealth matters you cannot have equality Inevitable Changes can only occur through violence Socialist revolutions can only occur in industrialized societies france germany united states however they occurs in china russia Vast majority of the workers do not always get the most profit Class Conflict Constant conflict between workers and owners of productive property Ancient masters vs slaves Medieval lords vs vassals Modern bourgeoisie vs proletariat Predicted collapse of capitalism in industrialized societies like Great Britain Germany and North America H G Wells The Time Machine represents class conflict we aren t even aware of what is being done to us Did not agree with Communism no government all willing In a capitalist world innovation is deprived Rome Kings Industrialization Socialism Communism Kinds of History Diplomatic Social Political military Economic Science Arts literature Each have their strengths weaknesses in attempting to tell the truth about the past Close up Carl von Clausewitz Prussian military officer fought in the Napoleonic wars and wrote On War 1832 Argued that war is a continuation of politics by other means War and peace are not opposites just the far ends of a continuum War can be easily planned on paper but once action begins friction takes hold The people who control chaos better win On War War can be of 2 kinds Either destroy the enemy or Weaken him so much that they will concede You will not put more resources into something you know you can t win you stop the war War is an act of force therefore there is no logical or self imposed limits on force History and war are marked by constant variety no set lessons to be learned by either If you don t win you must be doing something wrong so you go back evaluate and try to fix it Jack the Ripper 1888 Serial murderer in Whitechapel London area aka Whitechapel Murderer and Leather Apron Became famous due in part to timing literate society number of newspapers cries for social reform Generally accepted killed 5 women perhaps only 4 maybe as high as 8 All Prostitutes generally strangled then murdered Whores they deserve what they got dehumanized Marxist view because they are poor no one cares Mary Nichols 8 31 Annie Chapman 9 8 Elisabeth Stride 9 30 Catharine Eddowes 9 30 Mary Jane Kelly 11 9 Evidence Theories
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