3 19 12 Monday March 19 2012 4 59 PM Imperialism Colonization Britain by 1920 had control over a third 1 a France a fourth 2 Creation of nation states a Germany i ii iii Huge new country 1871 Dominant power Otto van Bismark 1 2 3 really short wars to unify Bloodshed of war and iron of industry creates change a b Not democracy Force creates change but must controlled iv Parliamentary monarcy 1 2 3 Unified Italy 1870 b Limited power parliament Kaiser has a lot of power is elected Not completely monarchy i ii iii iv v Less important than Germany Unified separate states Relatively new state Pope was the king King of Sardinia Garibaldi a b 1 Guerrilla type fighters Wanted to reduce Pope s rule vi Constitutional monarchy c Great Britain becomes a new unified nation state i ii Ireland scotland wales Constitutional monarchy 1 2 Hereditary King but power is limited Parliament d France i Democratic republic e Central and Southern Europe i Two forms of nation building 1 2 Unifying Disintegrating a b Ottoman Empire ii First in Ottoman Empire Austrian Empire 1 Government where there is no hereditary rule republic 2 Banded together to unify Italy under King of Sardinia and oust the Pope 1 2 After the first world war Middle East is delegated to the European powers Splintering Nationalism a Emergence of new nations iii Austrian Empire 1 2 Disintegrates also Nationalist movements develop 3 Economics Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 1 3 Economics a b c d Industrialized and competitive Britain Germany France United States Growth from end of 19th century to WWI Not high population growth i A lot of supply but not that much demand e Prices for products drop i ii iii High productivity from mechanization Loss of jobs Each enterprise is motivated to produce more goods 1 2 But prices sink even more Deflation a b c Leads to demand for exportation 1875 1900 Vicious cycle Irony f i ii iii Leads to tariff s Then more retaliatory tariffs Everyone looks for other places to send goods iv Also seen as places for investments China India Africa Railroads Problems 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 a b All Europeans looking Leads to the same competitive market as it was in Europe g European countries want exclusive power over countries for trade i ii iii iv Leads to a race for Colonies 1880 90s The world is majorly split up by colonialism European countries would rather not colonize 1860s brits take political control over India Takes a lot of money and time and resources Hard to maintain control over resistant foreign people v Leads to irrational quick colonization Makes the gains less than the economic gains from colonizing European countries felt like they needed to colonize or others would colonize a They know that its not worth it and a problem 4 Colonies a Congo i ii b Other justifications for colonialism other than economics Owned by King Leopold of Belgium Cruel form of colonialism i Social Darwinism 1 2 Fittness applied to countries Europe was the fittest ii iii White man s burden French 1 Civilizing Mission a b Bring the other countries up to modernization Very condescending c Became crucial for self justification Ideologies helped to sustain i Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 2 i ii Ideologies helped to sustain European countries then defined themselves as a prestigious Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 3 3 21 12 Wednesday March 21 2012 4 58 PM A Congo a Parked to King Leopold i ii iii iv Promised to leave it open to anyone for economic purposes Neutral zone 1885 Congress of Berlin His personal property like a manor an estate 1 2 Slaves Didn t get the resources like other colonies got a b Trains etc Had to do it on the cheap Led to forced labor i b c Ivory 1890 s Bicycles Cars leads to need for rubber Made Congo even more valuable i B Congo and forced labor C Joseph Conrad a Population declined by 10 million due to violence a b Educated in Poland Goes to Brussels lands a job with Belgium upper Congo i ii Heart of Darkness D Officer on the Congo Takes over when captain gets ill a b c d e Became a model for other Voyage back into time Imperialism Conquest colonialism Africa I was thinking of very old times when the Romans first came here 4 nineteen hundred years ago the other day i ii iii iv The British were savages for the Romans Comparing the Thames to the Congo river When this book came out nobody realized this Savagery is a point of view Mind none of us would feel exactly like this What saves us is efficiency the devotion to efficiency But these chaps were not much account really They were no colonists their administration was merely a squeeze and nothing more I suspect They were conquerors and for that you want only brute force nothing to boast of when you have it since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got Mind none of us would feel exactly like this What saves us is efficiency the devotion to efficiency i Militarism with ideals Moralization Idealists Justification civilize ii Efficiency 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 Tech and shit justifies Differentiates the British from the Romans Later we see that conrad is being ironic a I came upon more pieces of decaying machinery a stack of rusty rails To the left a clump of trees made a shady spot where dark things seemed to stir Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 4 left a clump of trees made a shady spot where dark things seemed to stir feebly I blinked the path was steep A horn tooted to the right and I saw the black people run A heavy and dull detonation shook the ground a puff of smoke came out of the cliff and that was all No change appeared on the face of the rock They were building a railway The cliff was not in the way or anything but this objectless blasting was all the work going on iii Appealing to the contemporary British reader 1 2 Thought that this was about Leopold s empire Thought that the British colonialism was better could point to Leopold s empire and say that we re not like this f Manchester Guardian mainstream liberal newspaper at that time we must not read conrad as an anti colonial attack i g This was a time before everyone knew what the result of colonialism would be He is a prodigy he said at last He is an emissary of pity and science and progress and devil knows what else i ii French 1 British 1 h Kurtz i Torture to put down insurgencies Concentration camps in S America 1 2 3 He is ideology He is