SPHS 3070 Introduction to Audiology Exam 1 Review Lecture 1 1 What is the mission of audiology Prevent hearing loss ID hearing loss evaluate hearing loss of all ages fit and dispense hearing aids auditory rehabilitation 2 When and why was the field of audiology developed After WWII 3 Be familiar with the leading names in audiology and what they are known for Bunch electric audiometer Carhart Father of audiology devel oped protocols and fitting of hearing aids Fairbanks Hardy Newby wrote first audiology textbook Jerger first Au D program 4 What significant change in the practice of audiology occurred in the 1970s Hearing aids became a technology and they began to flourish and evolve referral 5 What are the responsibilities of an audiologist ID hearing loss in all ages Evaluation Prevention Rehabilitation Education Follow up and 6 What is within an audiologist s scope of practice hearing evaluation and prevention Balance and dizziness testing 7 What are the major settings an audiologist practices in Private practice hospitals clinics schools ENT otolaryngologist universities 8 What are some other professions related to audiology Otolaryngology pe diatrics neonatal oncology infectious diseases SPHS 9 What changed about the professional requirements to be an audiologist in 2007 75 master s credits 12 month clinical 4th year externship 10 What organization provides certification for audiologists and how if at all does this differ from licensure AHSA Lecture 2 1 500 are amplified osseous skin sweat wax 3 400Hz pressure that hits it Stapes stirrup 1 What is the range of human hearing 20 20 000Hz best at 1 000Hz 2 What is the purpose of the pinna Mainly cosmetic and localization but it has its own resonating frequency of 1 500Hz so frequencies of 3 What are the portions of the ear canal made of 1 3 cartilaginous and 2 3 4 What is cerumen and how is it produced earwax sebum shed 5 What does it mean that the outer ear pinna and ear canal is a resonator Sounds at a certain frequency are amplified ear canal 2 700 6 What are the layers and surface parts of the tympanic membrane Outer skin Middle Fibrous Inner mucous 7 What does the tympanic membrane do vibrates in response to sound 8 Name the bones of the middle ear Malleus hammer Incus Anvil 10 11 9 Name the muscles of the middle ear Tensor tympani and stapedius What does the Eustachian tube do equalizes pressure What are the names of the three fluid filled chambers of the inner ear and what are the fluids inside of each Scala vestibuli perilymph scala me dia endolymph scala tympani perilymph 12 What are the names of the membranes separating the chambers in the cochlea Reissner s membrane separates the scala vestibuli from the scala media Basilar membrane separates the scala media from the scala tympani 13 Know the difference between the anatomy and physiology of the cochlear hair cells Inner hair cells 3 500 don t touch tectorial membrane afferent carry info to brain stimulated at 40 60dB SPL Outer hair cells 12 000 contact tectorial membrane 14 The base of the basilar membrane in the cochlea is tuned to high fre quency sounds and the apex is tuned to low frequency sounds 15 Energy transformation Acoustic energy is transduced trans formed into Mechanical energy into Hydraulic energy into Elec 16 Cranial Nerve VIII is made up of the auditory the vestibu tro chemical energy lar nerve the inner hair cells 17 The auditory nerve fibers synapse onto innervate which structure s The fibers pass thru the osseous spiral lamina and synapse onto 18 19 When the auditory nerve fibers leave the cochlea where do they go What systems and or inner ear structures are responsible for the mainte nance of balance Vestibular system 20 Be able to do BASIC labeling of the anatomy diagrams of the outer middle and inner ear structures 21 Which part s of the vestibular system are responsible for detecting linear acceleration Angular acceleration Vestibular apparatus is a collective term for sensory areas within the membranous labrinth responsible for detecting linear acceleration e g gravity and angular acceleration of the head The vestibular apparatus consists of 1 macula of the utricle the sensory area spot located in the wall of the utricle it is horizontally oriented and detects linear acceleration in the horizontal plane side to side 2 macula of the saccule the sensory spot in the wall of the saccule it detects ear acceleration in the vertical plane up and down 3 crista ampullaris one per semicircular duct ampulla each detects celeration directed along the plane of the duct 22 Head and body movements are detected by sensory hair cells in angular ac lin the 23 What are auditory and vestibular nuclei Auditory site of a series of synapses involving the transmission of auditory information and coding of auditory cues including freuqeuncy intensity and tim ing Vestibular site of a series of synapses involving the trans mission of vestibular information and coding of balance cues in cluding person s location 24 List in order the relay stations along the auditory pathway OE ME IE CN8 CN SOC LL IC MGB AC 25 What is binaural integration and where does this happen an aspect of auditory performance with competing signals Binaural integra tion is the ability simultaneously to process two different mes sages when one is presented to each ear Occurs in the SOC su perior olivary complex Lecture 3 and 4 1 What is needed for sound to exist A disturbance through a medium Rarefaction compression mass elasticity inertia 2 What is the difference between condensation compression and rarefaction Compression more molecules than normal and is the peak of a waveform 3 Define sinusoidal motion back forth movement waveform form or shape of a wave cycle one complete period of compression and rarefaction phase any stage of a cycle frequency Cycles per sec ond period time it takes for one cycle to occur wavelength horiz tonal length of one cycle of a wave 4 What is the difference between a simple sound and a complex sound Multiple frequencies 5 What is a decibel dB 1 10 of a Bel 6 What are the units of measurement for frequency related to pitch mea sured in Hz Intensity Magnitude amplitude or loudness of a sound Measured in decibels dB 7 Human hearing ranges from 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz 8 At 1 500 Hz human hearing is the most sensitive 9 What is the speed of sound in meters velocity 340 meters second 10 What is the referent constant used in determining dB SPL in dynes cm squared 0002 dyne cm2 or