What do all living organisms need to sustain life Oxygen and water What is energy The capacity to perform work What are the different types of energy Kinetic is the energy of motion and Potential stored energy What is a calorie A calorie is the amount of energy that raises the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius What is a Calorie there is a difference between this one and the one above Calories are tiny units of energy What is the conservation of energy principle A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be altered from one form to another What is entropy A measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a system What is activation energy The energy that activates the reactants in a chemical reaction What is an enzyme and how do they work Proteins that speed up chemical reactions What factors affect how well enzymes work Temperature pH induced fit enzyme inhibitors How does an enzyme inhibitor work Some bind to the active site as substrate imposters Bind at a remote site changing the enzyme s shape What is a receptor Mediated endocytosis is triggered by the binding of external molecules to membrane proteins What is ATP and what is it used for How do you get energy from ATP Cellular respiration Adenosine Triphosphate also known as the energy currency in all cells It is used What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis Diffusion is passive transport and does not use energy Osmosis is passive transport and takes place across selective permeable membrane What is hyper hypo and isotonic A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solute An isotonic solution has an equal concentration of solute What happens to red blood cells if you place them in a hyperosmotic hyperosmotic or isosmotic Be able to look at two solutions and tell which is hyper or hyperosmotic Be able to look at two solutions and tell which way osmosis will occur What is a producer Consumer Producers produce their own source of food Consumers gain energy by eating things like plants and animals What is an autotroph Heterotroph Autotrophs are self feeders and make own organic matter plants Heterotrophs cannot make organic molecules humans What is the difference between cellular respiration and breathing Cellular respiration takes place in the cells Breathing uses the lungs Glucose is the product of cellular respiration What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration In Photosynthesis plants use the sun s energy as light to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose In cellular respiration glucose is ultimately broken down to yield carbon dioxide and water and the energy from this process is stored as ATP molecules What is the equation for photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide Water Light Energy Glucose Oxygen Gas What is the equation for cellular respiration Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water ATP Where does photosynthesis occur Where does cellular respiration occur Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria Know where the reactants and products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis come from and are used What is an electron transport chain used for Shuttles electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP located in inner membrane of mitochondria What are the steps of photosynthesis What occurs at each step of photosynthesis The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide Why are plants green Why do leaves turn colors in the fall Chlorophyll What are alternative forms of photosynthesis C3 C4 CAM What is a photosystem Light harvesting unit of a chloroplasts thylakoid membrane What occurs in the Calvin cycle Plants use energy that NADPH and ATP contain to build high energy compounds that can stored up to a long period of time Why is cellular respiration important Cellular respiration is important since it is the process that releases the chemical energy stored in food Define Anaerobic vs aerobic respiration Anaerobic does not use air Aerobic uses air Where do the steps of cellular respiration occur and what is important about each step of cellular respiration How much energy is made from cellular respiration 32 ATP What is glycolysis The multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms Where does glycolysis occur What do you get out of glycolysis Cytosol ATP 4 How many ATP s does glycolysis produce Where do the steps of cellular respiration occur and what is important about each step Three steps glycolysis is in the cytosol and other two in mitochondria Why does cellular respiration use an electron transport chain It provides energy that powers the formation of ATP What is fermentation Fermentation is the anaerobic harvest of food energy When does anaerobic respiration occur Anaerobic Respiration takes place when while you are exercising because the blood cannot give the body oxygen fast enough Thus lactic acid is produced which is later converted into glucose for cellular respiration How much energy is made at each step of cellular respiration How much energy is made in anaerobic respiration 2 2 32 36 to 38 ATP What are some products of anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast Cheese soy sauce sour cream What is the link between CO2 and global warming Carbon Dioxide causes greenhouse gases which we need so the Earth won t freeze What is the greenhouse effect The increase in global temperatures Define Asexual vs sexual reproduction Genetic variation in the offspring in sexual Requires both sexes to participate in sexual No mate needed Many offspring produced quickly in asexual No variation in the offspring in asexual How many times does the DNA replicate in mitosis Once Define Somatic vs germ cells reproduces sexually A germ cell is a cell that gives rise to gametes of an organism that A somatic cell any cell other than a gamete in a multi cellular organism has a diploid number of chromosomes 2n We inherit one chromosome of each pair from each parent Define Haploid vs diploid Haploid has only one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes Diploid body cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes What are sister chromatids Contains identical genes What is a centromere The region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined What is a