Study Guide Finals Chapters Chapter 16 Assessment of Human Users Biological data Collected by surveys o Obtaining Information from users Telephone surveys Focus groups Attitude Assessment avoid questions with two or more parts o Affect Emotional Component o Belief Perception cognitive component Most common survey of Attitude assessment o Questionaires But does not allow for two way communication Likert scale Method Semantic differential Method adj phrase Ranking Scale method Frequency scale method Magnitude scale method o Both direction of effect positive Negative and intensity of effect o Rates objective or concept on a scale with each endpoint anchored by an o Respondent asked to order a list of items according to person preference o Question about likelihood of certain event happening Estimate value of change by asking someone s willingness to pay for such change Charging fees for the right to trespass and take public privately owned organisms o Allocate points among a list of items out of 100 o Economic Assessment Fee hunting fishing Ecotourism non consumptive use of natural resources Ex Viewing habitats Exercised Values Benefits currently accruing to society Option Values maintaining an option to use or enjoy in the future Bequest Value Value of knowing organisms wildlife will be there in the future Consumer Surplus Measurements Contingent valuation approach Travel Cost method benefits based on distance traveled to reach site Human ethics and values Ethics standard of conduct and moral philosophy Values Quality of a thing more or less desirable Conservation effective management and use of natural resources Preservation Leaving natural systems how they are Animal Rights animals have rights equal to humans mostly mammals Animal Welfare correct handling and humane treatment of animals Chapter 17 Management of Human Users Consumptive use and experimentation allowable Believe any form of management interferes Large management units wildlife not limited in movements Well enforced size limits to maintain recreational fishing and harvest Progressed to minimum length limits Maximum sustainable yield MSY Purpose of Regulations controlling overexploitation making resources more available to users Overexploitation resource reduced below level needed to support commercial venture Creel Limits number of fish one person can remove in a day Regulations can assure resource is distributed evenly to the public History of harvest Regulations Early regulations eliminated use of fish traps nets seines during spawning season 1970 s Optimum Sustainable yield Contrast between wildlife and fisheries regulations Fisheries Regulations number and size length or weight limitations Fish can be caught and released with good chance of survival Fish have indeterminate growth wide variety of sizes in population Wildlife Regulations Limit number of organisms harvested Regulating the Who Harvest of fish wildlife can be regulated by who can take these resources Hunter education programs limit participation in the activity Allowing minors to hunt fish etc for reduced fees Inexperienced and less likely to be proficient Regulating What regulating species number gender size Species cannot harvest certain species Regulating by number Quotas allow harvest of certain proportion of population wildlife or fisheries Creel Limits fisheries limit what is taken ineffective tool for regulating overharvest To be affective the limits would have to be set to low to restrictive Lifetime Limit one license for a lifetime good for only one hunting season Regulation by gender wildlife not fisheries Polygynous species manages this way ring necked pheasant Regulation by size fisheries management technique Minimum length limit under specified length must be released Protected slot length limit within specified range must be released Reverse slot length limits within specified range may be kept Maximum length limits fish up to certain length kept all longer released Regulating When involve time of year or time of day Limiting season length Bird mammal hunting in fall Closed season not an affective way to manage overharvest Regulating Where regulation of locations for hunting fishing Regulating How regulate methods used to capture organisms Fisheries Terminal Tackle fishing equipment at end of fishing line In wildlife pertain to antlers and horns etc appearance restrictions Non game only regulated with regard to prohibition of harvest Time restrictions earliest harvest restrictions in the U S Regulating how access can be gained Commercial fisheries Illegal in north America to sell meat of a dead animal some cases antlers etc are legal Wish and wildlife belong to all North American citizens Managed in a way that populations will sustain forever Non consumptive users must still be regulated No trespassing areas around nests islands sandbars etc Every citizen has the right to help create laws conserve manage wild animals Government agencies provide management models for citizens Citizens can vote for or against measures that impact wildlife Federal state provincial governments responsible for managing all wildlife Public ownership limits domestication of wildlife Public responsible for wildlife States fed government can hire professionals to do conservation and management Everyone has the right to hunt fish on most public lands in North America Based on User Pay principal Hunters and anglers led the crusade for wildlife protection a century ago Law restricts us from casually killing wildlife Helps ensure respect toured animals and make maximum use of hunted animals Regulations for non harvested species The Regulation process pg 340 Chapter 18a Wildlife and Fisheries Legislation North American Model of fisheries and wildlife Conservation The Public Trust Wildlife is owned by the public not individuals Prohibition on commerce of dead wildlife Democratic Rule of law Hunting Opportunity for all International Resources wildlife fishes migrate freely across boundaries Working together U S and Canada make sure wildlife can safely cross borders Make sure no state province takes more than its share of a resource Scientific Management right information helps us be good stewards of fish wildlife Scientific Research and applying that research is essential to managing and sustaining north Americas fish wildlife and habitats Federal Legislative process in the U S States Rights Doctrine Fallows from the 10th Amendment in the United States In Canada Crown