Review Material El futuro Inf following endings o Use To express what will or shall happen o Formaci n Pl emos Nosotros Vosotros is Ellos Ellas Uds n o Use To express wonder possibility probability conjecture i e would could must have probably Pl Nosotros amos ais Vosotros Ellos Ellas Uds an El condicional o Formaci n Inf following endings Yo T l Ella Ud Yo T l Ella Ud Sing s Sing a as a Los mandatos o Formales Sing Pl Sing Affirmative el ella ud pres subj uds ellos pres subj o Informales Affirmative t pres ind drop s or 3rd sing pres ind o Nosotros Affirmative nosotros pres subj o Vosotros Affirmative inf drop r d Las cl usulas adjetivales Negative same No same No Negative t pres subj No Negative nosotros pres subj No Negative vosotros pres subj No o Irregulares di sal Ven venir decir salir hacer ser ir tener poner haz s ve n ten pon ies o Subordinate clause that modifies of describes a preceding noun in the main clause Noun que adjectival clause subordinate clause Noun donde adjectival clause subordinate clause o Subjunctive Use when the speaker Has no knowledge or experience of someone or something with a particular attribute Is questioning or unsure of the existence of someone or something with a particular attribute Is denying the existence of someone or something with a particular attribute o Use subjunctive if the action expresses future anticipated or pending action Los conjunciones adverbiales o Always subjunctive a condici n de que a fin de que a menos que antes de que con tal de que provided that in order that unless before provided that en cuanto cuando despu s de que hasta que a pesar de que aun cuando aunque como as soon as when after until in spite of even when although as how speaker has knowledge o Always indicative now that ahora que o Always subjunctive cual es quiera cuandoquiera in spite of even when dondequiera although en caso de que por miedo a que para que siempre que sin que luego que mientras que para cuando tan pronto como in case that for fear that in order that as long as without after while by the time that as soon as de manera que de modo que donde so that in a way that so that in a way that where puesto que since ya que since quien es quiera por m s adj adv que mientras m s m s so that in a way that no matter how the more the more o Use subjunctive if the speaker has no knowledge of or doubts of the action Ind if the Las cl usulas adverbiales o Subordinate clause that modifies or describes a verb in the main clause by stating conditions of time place or manner Verb cuando adverbial clause time Verb para que adverbial clause conditions Participio pasado o Regulars o Irregulars abrir decir escribir hacer abierto dicho escrito hecho Add ado to the stem of ar verbs Add ido to the stem er and ir verbs morir poner ver volver muerto puesto visto vuelto o Stems ending in a e or o cre do le do o do creer leer o r re r traer re do tra do Presente perfecto del indicativo o Use In place of perterite or imperfect o Formaci n Pret action took place at a specific time Imp Action occurred habitually Pres Perf Action began at a time before the present think has had done Pres de Haber Participio pasado Haber Yo T l Ella Ud Sing he has ha Pl hemos hab is Nosotros Vosotros Ellos Ellas Uds Han Presente perfecto del subjuntivo o Use Similar to present subjunctive o Formaci n Pres Perf Subj de Haber Participio pasado Haber Yo T l Ella Ud Sing haya hayas haya Pl hayamos Nosotros Vosotros hay is Ellos Ellas Uds Hayan Difference The action in the subordinate clause has been completed before the time in the present conveyed by the verb in the main clause Los pronombres relativos Connecting words used to link together two sentences in which the same words or phrases are repeated As a result a single complete sentence with two clauses is formed o Que that which who Most commonly used Used as subject or object refers to a person place or thing Used with definite articles el la los las after short prepositions like a de con and en to refer to places or things Article agrees in number and gender with the person or thing it refers to May be used in restrictive or nonrestrictive clauses Restrictive Provides essential information to identify a specific person place thing among many Nonrestrictive gives non essential or incidental information about the o Quien Quienes whom he she who the one s who etc referent and is set off by commas Only in reference to people esp in nonrestrictive clauses set off by commas Mostly used after short prepositions like a de con and en o El la cual los las cuales el la los las que the one s that he she who those who Used with longer prepositions Used in the case of two antecedents to refer to the more remote of the two Used as alternatives to quien es o Lo que Lo cual which o Cuyo a os as whose Used to refer to an entire previously mentioned idea action or situation Relative adjective that must agree in number and gender with the noun that it modifies El pluscuamperfecto o Use When the speaker chooses to emphasize the fact that an action had been going on prior to the beginning of another action in the past Difference Action in the subordinate clause had been completed before the time in the past conveyed by the verb in the main clause Note If the speaker wants to indicate that the action in the subordinate clause occurs either simultaneously or after the time indicated by the main verb then either the present subjunctive or the imperfect subjunctive would be used o Formaci n Pasado Perf de Haber Participio pasado Haber Yo T l Ella Ud Sing hab a hab as hab a Pl hab amos Nosotros Vosotros hab ais Ellos Ellas Uds Hab an El pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo o Use Similar to imperfect subjunctive o Formaci n Pasado Perf Subj de Haber Participio pasado Haber Yo T l Ella Ud Sing hubiera hubieras hubiera Pl hubi ramos Nosotros Vosotros hubi rais Ellos Ellas Uds Hubieran Imperfecto del subjuntivo o Use Similar to present subjunctive o Formaci n 3rd persona pret rito drop ron add the following Yo T Sing ra ras Nosotros Vosotros Pl ramos rais Only difference Verb in the main clause is past tense rather than present or future tense l Ella Ud ra Ellos Ellas Uds Ran Futuro perfecto o Use To indicate that an action or condition will have been completed before a moment in time in the future conveyed by the verb in the main clause or by the context of the sentence Can also be used to speculate about the present what probably happened …