Fire tornado fire whirls occur when intense heat and strong winds form whirling eddies of air 10 22 core is burning while 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan struck at 12 noon 7 9 magnitude large fires broke out political aftermath Tri state tornado cid 127 MO IL IN larger tornados fire whirl swept through tokyo incinerating 38 000 ppl in less tha 15 minutes damage was 230 miles long funnel was 1 mile wide tornado on ground for 3 hours cid 127 most tornados on ground for average of 15 minutes Why are tornadoes so frequent in north america changes in pressure and temperature in this part of the country yo have warm moist air opposing with cold dry air this will drive your thunderstorm in Eurasia it is different because it is too big of a land mass for converging air masses Tornado outbreak Tornado monitoring by the government NWS watch atmospheric conditions favorable for tornado development warning actual funnel or tornado has been identified Doppler Radar Tropical Cyclones can spot rotation with in clouds using s this systems hurricane Atlantic and easter pacific oceans typhoon wester pacific ocean japan cyclone indian ocean willy nilly australians Ingredients for a Hurricane seawater at least 27 degrees celcius 80 F in upper 60 m warm winds blowing in same direction as developing storm creates an intense circulation storm with a league pressure gradient and sustained winds 73 mph latitude 5 degrees unstable warm humid air weak upper level winds Hurricane season end in oct Hurricane development 1 tropical disturbance 2 trop depression 3 trop store cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 4 hurricane Hurricane formation Easterly Wave slow moving trough of low pressure located in tropical region between 5 degrees and 25 deg N and S latitude air converges on windward side of trough and diverges on lee side converging wind causes convectional uplift and showers parallel to trough Hurricane development Tropical Disturbance low pressure zone without closed isobars precipitation zone weak surface winds common in tropics at any time kicked off by easterly wave Hurricane development Tropical Depression surface wind speed increases 23 to 39 mph Focus around center of low pressure at least one closed isobar storm becomes more circular in shape because of converging winds given identification number ex TD2 90L Hurricane Development Tropical Storm surface winds reach 39 to 74 mph stronger updates with increased flow cid 127 more updrafts occurring more cloud development cid 127 maintains number form TD or human name Hurricane Development Hurricane wind speeds increase 75 mph high pressure aloft to allow storm to strengthen at the surface steep pressure gradient at center of storm very low pressure develop pronounced rotation around central core with spiral rain bands around eye storm given a human name Hurricane intensity cat 1 5 Anatomy of the eye wall eyeball surrounds eye air flow in and upward at the eyewall Anatomy of a hurricane rainbands bands of cumulonimbus clouds caused by some of the warm air uplifting before it reaches the eye can drop large amounts of rainfall occasionally have associated tornadoes 10 24 Wind Damage and storm surge hurricane winds move fastest in same direction that hurricane is moving fastest winds in right front quadrant winds push water in front of the storm highest in right front quadrant Storm surge depends on wind speed timing of tides and configuration of coastline Hurricane Tracks North Atlantic Ocean cid 127 migrate from east towards west from west coast of Afrcia pushed along from tropical easterlies cid 127 moving north they get deflected towards the northeast Hurricanes if you have a gradual coastline and the water hits it you will have more and more water piling up causing a surge cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 do not cross the equator they redistribute energy away form the Equator hurricanes fed by warm energy moving the warm energy towards the poles Katrina storm surge of 25 ft cat 3 to cat 5 1800 ppl died 80 percent of city flooded winds 65km hour across 300 miles hurricane sandy winds 65km hr stretched 900 miles 2012 10 29 climate change Lines of Evidence youtube video Responsible burning of fossil fuels human activities responsible conclusion reached by climate science analysis of data past and present change obersvations 1896 Research raw data first learned that burning of fossil fuels will heat the earth Instruments to measure temp and salinity weather balloons probe sensors in satellites measure land and ocean temps temp humidty winds Heat waves cid 127 more frequent COld snap less frequent water vapor c di ox cid 127 methane How do we know green house gas leads to GW they all form a blanket in the troposphere GH effect works by gases redirect energy towards the earth More CO2 in atmosphere is bad oceans can t absorb CO2 energy What human activities have increase ant of greenhouse gases cid 127 make sure there is no other factors 1 4 degree F change in temperature increase in the planet 9 degree difference in temperature today is the difference between today and an ice age cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 methane produced by burning of fossil fuels raising livestock decay of landfill waste production of transport of natural gas agriculrtural fertilizer bad changes deforestation is 10 to 20 percent responsible How much CO2 is being absorbed almost half of the atmospheree keeps the CO2 stripping the earths natural ability to revoke it from the air Forensic scientists say increase in atmospheric co2 is the result of human activities Greenhouse gases are called forcing agents co2 has a larger warming effect More reflective a surface the more it is reflected to space slight cooling effect calculate based on the c02 concentrations and how they transfer energy towards the atmosphere total Amt of warming is