Test Files: Soc #2 Test1. What is Second Shift about?- The ways men and women divide household labor2. How do sociologists define gender?- Cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity3. According to lecture, which of these is a sociological explanation for the backlash (such as vandalism and physical violence) to Bronies (adult fans of My Little Pony)- Bronies challenge the dominant/hegemonic construction of masculinity4. In The Second Shift, Hochschild recommends all of the following strategies to help families deal with the second shift except- Companies should encourage flexible work schedules- Gov’t should require paid family leave to be provided for all workers- The availability and convenience of daycare should increase- Grandparents should take greater responsibility for their grandchildren 5. Arlie Hochschild would agree with which of the following statements?- Men with an egalitarian gender ideology almost always shared the second shift with their wives6. Which of the following statements describes Seth Stein?- He is addicted to work and had little time for his wife or child7. Which of the following phrases best describes Evan Holt’s gender strategy?- Passive resistance8. According to The Second Shift about how large was the “leisure gap” during the time of Hochschild’s research?- Women work an extra month a year compared to men9. According to Hochschild, what is by far the most common combination of gender ideologies found in her study?- The man has a traditional gender ideology and the woman has an egalitarian gender ideology10. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the film clips included in the YouTube video “Elements of Sexuality: 20th Century Depictions of Gay Men”:- Film clips from the early 1930s depict homosexuality as a sickness of the mind, but by early 1960s gay men are shown marching in gay pride parades and calling for the liberation of homosexuals from a closeted existence11. Which of the following statements best describes the division of household labor in the Holt family?- Despite her egalitarian gender ideology, Nancy did almost all of the housework and childcare12. In The Second Shift, what was one way in which Jessica Stein dealt with her demanding career, children, and housework?- She employed multiple helpers, including a nanny and housekeeper13. According to Chauncey’s research, what best describes the category “trade”- Straight acting men who, although they don’t think of themselves as gay, have sex with other men14. How would sociologists describe a child who was raised away from human civilizations?- Unsocialized15. The Steins’ clashing gender strategies cause them to:- Feel they deserve appreciation for their work and begin avoiding the other out of resentment16. Chauncey in his book Gay New York makes which of the following critiques of how people write and interpret the history of American gays and lesbians:- Historians too often divide gay history into segments of “Before Stonewall” and “After Stonewall,” but the history is actually much more complex.17. In the section titles “Indirect Ways to Change Roles,” Hochschild discusses all of the following indirect ways that women tried to change their household division of labor except:- “playing helpless”- Confronting their husbands about their need to share housework - Using physical illness as a half-conscious way signal to their husbands- Withholding sex18. The term “hegemonic masculinity” refers to:- The dominant and accepted masculine ideal19. Hochschild found that all of the following were common gender strategies for men except- Working fewer hours at their paid jobs - “needs reduction”- “playing dumb”- Waiting to be asked to do housework20. Hochschild uses the phrase “gender ideology” in her book. What does she mean by that?- A deeply rooted understanding of gender roles that often contributes to inequality between men and women21. Which term refers to the “less visible barriers against women’s full participation in the labor force?” This term was also described in lecture as the barrier to the advancement of women into top positions- “the glass ceiling”22. Which of the following is true according to Michael Kimmel’s research on gender and sexuality (discussed in lecture):- Men who demonstrated sensitivity and tenderness were persecuted as homosexuals throughout the 19th century23. Which of the following examples best illustrates a “self-fulfilling prophecies?”- A girl does poorly on a math exam, is told that that’s because girls are bad at math, so shedecides not to study for next exam24. According to Hochschild, “supermoming” is a gender strategy that:- Attempts to reconcile conflicting demands of work and home25. According to 5-part YouTube series Elements of Gender Inequality, Lawrence Summers (former Harvard University President) said that women were underrepresented in college and university math and science depts. because:- Of innate biological differences between men and women26. In the second shift, Hochschild identifies what she refers to as a “stalled revolution” Which statement best describes her concept of the “stalled revolution”?- As married women have increasingly entered in the labor force, there has not been a proportionate decrease in their share of household labor responsibilities. 27. Which of the following is an accurate description of men’s gender ideologies in Hochshild’s study?- 20% were egalitarian; 80% were either transitional or traditional28. Which of the following methods did Vaughan NOT use to find participants in her study or uncoupling? - Randomly selective names from a national telephone list29. In the postscript of Uncoupling, Vaughan discusses all of the following methodological issues with her research EXCEPT:- A. She interviewed only those who were willing to talk to her and her study may have been biased toward people who were open to talking about their relationship- B. Her sample was limited only to those in the middle classes- C. Participants gave retrospective (after the fact) account of their relationship troubles.- D. Vaughan was happily married and had trouble understanding the experience of those who went through uncoupling30. In Uncoupling, Diane Vaughan said that “most couples collaborate to maintain a harmonic public image” partly by remaining quiet about private information and disagreement. Revealing these