Obesity disease risk factor adds to economic cost epidemic among kids overweight obese as kid will not lose weight as an adult 70 of adult population overweight obese 17 19 under the age of 19 overweight obese Past 60 overweight obese Present 70 overweight obese 40 OW 20 OB 32 OW 38 OB bmi body mass index ratio of height to weight not the most accurate can have a high unhealthy bmi but have low fat percentage due to extreme muscle mass this would still be a healthy person not obese overweight normal bmi 18 24 9 overweight bmi 25 29 9 obese bmi 30 or higher extremely obese bmi 35 or higher other factors also are considered when determining bmi waist measurement for overweight female 30 in or more male 35 in or more family history genetics ect are also considered science of foods and nutrients and how they effect health and relate to Chapter One Nutrition Everyday Choices disease incorporates many other sciences evidence based science uses scientific method Nutrients 6 categories provide energy structure and regulate body processes protein carbohydrates fat vitamins minerals water protein carbs and fats are macronutrients provide energy also know as calories calories are the body s fuel vitamins minerals and water are micronutrients essential nutrients must be consumed body does not produce non essential nutrients not essential to consume produced by body nutrient density the most amount of nutrients with the least amount of calories high nutrient density high nutrient per calorie ex vegetables fruits whole grains low nutrient density low nutrient per calorie ex cake sugary drinks French fries soda 120 calories sugar goes to carbs Is drinking soda the most bang for your buck in terms of energy nutrients for consuming 120 calories How many are you drinking per day empty calories calories where you do not gain substantial energy nutrients from you get nothing back ex sugar alcohol broccoli more bang for buck protein carb fiber potassium folic acid vit C vit A caloric density value value more less volume of food for different types of calorie density veg fruits are low caloric density food you can eat more for same caloric oil is a high caloric density food you have to eat less for the same caloric fortified foods deliberately have 1 or more added nutrients FDA requires fortification enrichment in some foods to prevent disease phytochemicals in foods from plants zoochemicals in foods from animals substances in foods with positive biological benefits pigments in fruits vegetables are where phytochemicals are most antioxidants protect cells functional foods provide benefits that go beyond their normal health qualities ex broccoli prevents cancer phytonutrients functional foods MAY BE fortified foods but NOT ALL fortified foods are functional foods sugar is addictive due to blood glucose response high up and down sugar high and crash complex carbs sugar gradually goes up and gradually comes down fuller longer designer foods nutracenticals functional foods with added nutrients ex oatmeal ex water with vitamins vitamin A E D and K are fat soluble fat must be consumed with for vitamin to be absorbed vitamin C and B are water soluble Carbohydrates cereals and grains Fats bacon eggs butter Protein animal protein high in saturated fat complete protein all amino acids vegetable protein rich in fiber and unsaturated fat no cholesterol incomplete protein 1 or more amino acids are missing ex rice and beans combined have all amino acids combined are a complete protein nutrient functions provide energy calories building blocks for structures bones hair ect regulate body processes temp pressure ect Calorie measure of energy Protein 4 cal gram Carb 4 cal gram Fat 9 cal gram Alcohol 7 cal gram Malnutrition Overnutrition too much of a nutrient or nutrients or calories Undernutrition too little of a nutrient or nutrients or calories