AFAS 222 The West and the Rest of Us Chinweizu Chapter 20 The West and the Rest of Us Expansionist purpose World War II created a b US vs USSR friction Expansionist anti expansionist Africa s fate rest in examining the genesis character and methodologies of American imperialism Chapter 21 The Making of American Imperialism Image of America Frontier thesis The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that American democracy was formed by the American Frontier He stressed the process the moving frontier line and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process He also stressed results especially that American democracy was the primary result along with egalitarianism a lack of interest in high culture and violence American democracy was born of no theorist s dream it was not carried in the Sarah Constant to Virginia nor in the Mayflower to Plymouth It came out of the American forest and it gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier President Andrew Jackson proclamation to Congress Dec 1830 On December 10 1832 President Andrew Jackson issued a proclamation to the people of South Carolina that disputed a states right to nullify a federal law Jackson s proclamation was written in response to an ordinance issued by a South Carolina convention that declared that the tariff acts of 1828 and 1832 are unauthorized by the constitution of the United States and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null void and no law nor binding upon this State Making an elite slave Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine was a policy of the United States introduced on December 2 1823 It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U S intervention Caribbean Perspectives Edward Blyden 1832 1912 A Call to Providence to the Descendants of Africa in America Gives a religious dimension to the relationship between self and community Calls for those of African descent to return to their homeland for the purpose of Christianizing the continent He sees as his missionary work as helping to build a truly Black nation in Africa To accomplish this 1 Take self pride in themselves and Africa 2 Called for African power where the great centers of African collected strength may be collected 3 African descendants have enough talent wealth and enterprise for form a respectable nationality on the continent of Africa Marcus Garvey 1887 1940 Africa for Africans Universal Negro Improvement Association UNIA advocated Africa for the Africans whereby people of African descent should concentrate on building up for themselves a great nation in Africa His Vision So Negroes I say through the UNIA that there is much love for I have a vision of the future and I see before me a picture of a redeemed Africa with her dotted cities with her beautiful civilization with her millions of happy children going to and fro Why should I lose hope why should I give up and take a back seat in this age of progress Remember that we are men that God created you Lord of this creation Lift up yourselves men take yourselves out the mire and hitch your hopes to the stars Lift up you mighty race Back to Africa Movement Jean Price Mars 1876 1969 From So Uncle Said Presented a new concept of Haitian philosophy and identity in 20th century Haiti Haitians misrecognize himself herself as a cultural heir to France consequences of colonization He calls on his countrymen and women and people of African descent to take more seriously their folk traditions because they constitute the community s resistance to the continuing pressures of European ideology and institutions C L R James 1901 1989 The West Indian Middle Class Supports Price Mars call for reclaiming racial identity in the Caribbean He argues that the middle classes believe they benefit significantly from imperialist economic structure Aime Cesaire 1913 From Discourse on Colonization 1955 Martinique poet and statesman argues that Christian civilization brought by colonization is a lie neither civil nor a source of significant cultural gift Makes the case for moral preference of traditional African society and culture Colonization equals thingification One of the most visible proponents of negritude Franz Fanon 1925 1961 Racism and Culture 1956 Native of Martinique Psychiatrist Theoretician during the Algerian revolution Argues that racism is a singularly important consequence of colonial rule Dispel the notion that racism is just a psychological flaw and is crucial to seeing the ways in which racism contributes to the inferiorization of the colonized Maintains that rediscovery and reclaiming of traditional culture represents a pivotal moment of decolonization Walter Rodney 1942 1980 Black Power A Basic Understanding 1969 Argues that modern history can only be understood properly if the concept of race is used as the cornerstone of analysis Race is mark of power power is kept pure milky white Challenge facing nonwhite people is to recognize that power can only come from racial identification Black power can only be recognized by using justified violence to attempt to right wrongs that have not been successful using nonviolent ways Black power he defines is a doctrine about Black people for Black people preached by Black people Merle Hodge 1944 The Shadow of the Whip A Comment on Male Female Relations in the Caribbean 1972 Makes an impassioned indictment on the continuing brutality and violence directed toward women in contemporary Caribbean society Analyzes domestic violence and other forms of abuse as a manifestation of the Black man s sense of personal inferiority itself a product of centuries under slavery and colonization Calls for a revaluation of Black womanhood and a radical transformation of relations between man and women so that it is not shadowed by the white man s whip