History of Jazz Final Exam Review Terms Blues revival o Civil Rights Movement o Music appealed to blacks and whites o Adopted blues as their own music o Space Race o Assassination of JFK and MLK o Black Americans fight for equality Cool o Cool o Cerebral o Composure o Clave o Composed o Composition o Classical o Chamber like o Industry inspired o Hollywood studio musicians o Outside the US cultural influence of Brazilian music o Outside the US scene in Stockholm Sweeden o West Coast Jazz Dropping bombs o Kenny Clarke o Bass drum playing loud accents Freedom Hard Bop o Another name for Avant Garde era o Modern lyrics o Electric amplification o Urban blues o Inspired by musicians o Popular o Cultural influence blues o Outside scene Paris France o Black musicians Latin o 1940 s Latin influence o Bandleaders that contributed to jazz in the 40 s infusing Latin o Dizzy Gillespe and Stan Kenton o Ray Barretto Latin percussion Modality o Playing on modes instead of chords o Use of modes o Slow harmonic rhythm o Use of pedal points o Improvisation flexible linear interval of fourths o Miles Davis John Coltrane Julian Adderley Mode o Ioanian o Dorian o Phrygian o Lydian o Mixolydian o Aeolian o Locrian Progressive Jazz o 1945 1948 o Unprofitable short lasting impression o California o White big band jazz o Western European compositional techniques o Heavy brass o Concert format o Swing not a priority o Presence of Latin rhythms Put the pots on o Another word for Grooving o Miles Davis Rhythm section o Drummer o Bass player o Pianist guitar Royalties produced o Money paid in compensation for the use of property or for each unit o The owner of copyright receives compensation o Symposium on Mary Lou Williams Sampling Woodshedding o Taking cut from original recording o The idea of practicing and practicing VIP s Art Blakey o Pittsburgh 1919 born o Switched from piano to drums o Organized Jazz Messangers Sidney Bechet o Creole from New Orleans o Influence on European musicians o 1st jazz musician to leave US to Europe o Played clarinet o Saxophonist of swing Nadia Boulanger o Cross fertilization o Hard bop Ray Brown o Double bassist o Pittsburgh Kenny klook a mop or kook Clarke o Pittsburgh o Origin of word Bebop o Played drums o Played with Roy Eldridge o Contribution ride cymbal bass drum o Early Bebop innovator Ornette Coleman o Father of Avant Garde critics o Alto sax John Trane Coltrane o North Carolina to Philly o Alto sax in blues bands o Fired from Dizzy s band 1957 o Fired from Miles Davis Qunitet 1955 o Worked with Monk 1957 Spiritual awakening o Kind of Blue o Extensive dental surgery rework embouchure o Able to play 2 3 tones simultaneously o Tenor sax in Bebop Eric Dolphy o Father of Avant Garde musicians o Alto sax Miles Davis o Illinois o Played with Coleman Hawkins moved to NY 1944 o Recorded with Charlie Parker Quintet o Minton s playhouse o Birth of Cool 1949 Kind of Blue 1959 o Flugelhorn recordings on Columbia label o Formed 1st Miles Davis Quintet Earl Fatha Hines o Pittsburgh o Jazz pianist o Fired Charlie Parker Milt Bags Jackson o Milt Jackson Quartet Modern Jazz Quartet o Vibraphone o Cool period o Funky vibes Stan Kenton o Father of Progressive Jazz o Clinics on college campuses West Coast o Bebop pianist Percy Heath John Lewis o Modern Jazz Quartet o Bassist o Modern Jazz Quartet o Pianist Henry Mancini o Composer of Peter Gunn theme o Pink Panther theme Ethel Minor o Civil Rights activist Charlie Yardbird or Bird Parker o King of Alto Sax o Bebop Gunther Schuller o Third Stream 1957 Mary Lou Williams o Pittsburgh o Pianist o McKinney s Cotton Pickers Vaudeville circuit o Kansas City Andy Kirk s Band o Royalties o Symposium on Mary Lou Famous Firsts 1 st jazz expatriate Father of cool Father of Avant Garde critics Sidney Bechet Lester Young sax Ornette Coleman violin trumpet alto Father of Avant Garde musicians San Francisco Jazz Dixieland revival Eric Dolphy flute o Europe primarily o White musicians and expatriates like Sidney Bechet Positive and negative contribution of Charlie Parker o Positive played a revolutionary music setting a standard almost impossible to attain o Negative his habitual use of narcotics was one of the most detrimental influences on young musicians 4 points of Parker s resourceful technique o Use of a pre composed standard o Use of the harmonic scheme chords of the standard tune o Opportunity to compose a new melody o Opportunity to collect royalties on an original work 4 founding fathers of Bebop o Charlie Parker alto sax o Dizzy Gillespie trumpet o Thelonious Monk piano o Kenny Clarke drums Bebop caricature o Beret European travel education o Goatee countercultural image male machismo o African dashiki return to African roots liberation from racism o Eyeglasses frames intellectualism shades anonymity o Adopt Muslim religion and names liberation from racism spirituality and community 2 part Kenny Clarke drumming innovation o Dropping bombs o High hat ride cymbal 6 plusses Blue note records o Refreshments provided o Convenient hours for recording o Paid for rehearsal time o Gave musicians input for production o Recorded musicians from other labels o Put greats together Jazz instructional materials o The Birth of the Cool o 1949 Miles Davis o New voice in jazz o Miles Davis trumpet o Gerry Mulligan saxophonist o Lee Konitz saxophonist 4 members instruments MJQ o John Lewis leader piano o Milt Bags Jackson vibraphone o Ray Brown bass replaced by Percy Heath o Kenny Clarke drums Replaced by Connie Kay 2 1950 s 60 s movies with jazz soundtracks o The Man With the Golden Arm 1955 Elmer Bernstein o Peter Gunn Theme 1958 Henry Mancini 3 steps for true Third Stream o Classical musicians play music by using classical techniques o Jazz musicians play music by using jazz techniques o In the same pre composed piece 3 members of Jazz Messengers o Art Blakey leader drums o Lee Morgan trumpet o Benny Golson tenor sax o Bobby Timmons piano o Horace Silver piano 6 characteristics of Hard bop o Riff o Call and response o Strong back beat o Gospel like bluesy o Improvisation o Dance music Kind of Blue o Miles Davis o Best selling album of all time o Repeats trend of 1959 modality 4 names for jazz of 1960 s o Avant Garde o New Thing o Free Jazz o Freedom o Space Music Characteristics of Freedom o Modality o Free form o Collective improvisation o Quickly changing tempo and rhythm o Electrophones 4 considerations for validity of free jazz o Form o Feeling o