JWST 234 Lecture Outline Lecture Under Roman Rule Theme The Jewish religion and culture underwent a transition during the Hellenistic Era solidifying the influence of Roman rule despite multiple revolts I Significance of Hellenistic and Hasmonean Eras a Center of power changes and focuses in the Mediterranean b Rise of sectarianism and gradual absorption of Greek norms into Judaean life introduction of new religious ideas II Chronology and Important Dates a Beginnings 76 BCE to 37 BCE i Death of Alexander eventual succession conflicts b Herodian Era 37 BCE to 44 CE note change from BCE to CE i Herod is appointed king by the senate kingdom divided among his sons after his death ii Agrippa grandson of Herod becomes king in 41 CE iii Judea being ruled by Roman governor different provincial rulers has a destabilizing effect c Direct Roman Rule 44 CE to 66 CE i All of Judaea ruled by governors who rule without Judaea s or the population s best interests in mind ii Brief return to Herodian rule under Agrippa II fair amount of authority and moral prestige d Revolts 66 CE to 135 CE i First Great Revolt 66 74 ii Bar Kokhba Revolt 132 135 III Revolts a The first Great Revolt Against Rome only the second major revolt by the Jewish people against their Roman overlords during the Persian period i Causes Roman insensitivity class struggles religious troubles ii Jerusalem is sacked and the Temple is destroyed b Bar Kokhba Revolt smaller than the first revolt but it firmly establishes Roman control in the region last example of an armed revolt i Causes sparked by the rededication of Jerusalem as a Pagan city coinage used to date the event ii Simeon Kosiba a k a Bar Kokhba thought of as the Messiah by some contemporary rabbis iii Results final collapse of second temple rebels and whatever hopes they still had persecution and prohibition of Jewish religious practices
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